Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Salt Lake City, UT
Issued by NWS Salt Lake City, UT
826 FXUS65 KSLC 221112 AFDSLC Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Salt Lake City UT 412 AM MST Fri Nov 22 2024 .SYNOPSIS...A dry and mild southwesterly flow aloft will reside across the region today. The first in a series of Pacific storm systems will cross Utah and southwest Wyoming late Saturday through Sunday, with the pattern remaining unsettled through the middle of next week. && .SHORT TERM (Through 12Z/5AM Monday)...Dry and mild southwesterly flow extends across the Great Basin region early this morning, downstream from a deep upper low spinning off the Pacific Northwest Coast. With this mild flow in place, temperatures will trend another 2-5 degrees warmer across the forecast area today, pushing the 60F mark for highs along the Wasatch Front, and mid to upper 60s across lower Washington County. These forecast temperatures are 10-12 degrees above normal for the third week of November, and roughly 5 degrees below daily records at KSLC and KCDC. A series of shortwave troughs will eject from the mean Pacific Northwest low position over the weekend. The first wave of interest will cross the northern Great Basin Saturday, pushing a shallow frontal boundary into northwest Utah during the afternoon hours. Ahead of this front isollobaric forcing coupled with mixing of momentum to the surface will result in breezy to windy conditions across western valleys. Winds look to peak during the early-mid morning hours, and ensemble guidance shows a greater than 70% chance gusts exceed the advisory criteria of 45 mph within a favored area of west central Utah from Milford to west of Delta. Have some concerns the spatial and temporal windows may be a bit limited, thus have held off on wind headlines for this area at this time. Despite continued pre-frontal mixing Saturday the column will cool slightly across western Utah resulting in a ~3F cooling trend ahead of the front. As the surface boundary sags south through northern Utah late Saturday afternoon through Saturday evening, large scale ascent ahead of the next upstream shortwave moving into the Great Basin will overspread the frontal zone. This will result in a period of frontogenesis and increased precipitation as this boundary sags south through the Wasatch Front and adjacent terrain Saturday night into Sunday morning, before weakening across central and eventually southwest Utah Sunday afternoon. Precipitation looks to largely remain tied to the frontal zone, with little in the way of post-frontal orographic forcing during the day Sunday. Given the progressive nature of the front limiting the duration of precipitation, widespread 4-8" of accumulation is the most likely range across the northern mountains, with the upper Cottonwoods closer to 8-14" and perhaps locally upwards of 18" if the frontal boundary begins to slow. Further south, 2-6" is most likely across the central Mountains Sunday as the frontal band weakens. Northern valleys will begin as rain, with a changeover to snow late Saturday night into Sunday morning as colder air filters into the region. Wasatch Front benches along with the Wasatch Back and perhaps the Cache Valley will see a changeover to snow by early Sunday morning, with 1-3" most likely. A changeover to snow along the valley floors of the Wasatch Front is less likely (10-20%) with minimal to no accumulation if this does occur. .LONG TERM (After 12Z/5AM Monday)... On Monday, shortwave ridging behind the initial shortwave trough passage will bring a relative break / lull in the active weather pattern starting next week. However, Tuesday into Wednesday will turn active again as the main trough that is stalled over the Pacific starts to move inland toward the Great Basin, reinvigorating moisture advection and forcing along the stalled boundary over Utah. This next storm system Tuesday into Wednesday has a higher ceiling for potential precipitation and mountain snowfall than the initial wave Saturday into Sunday. A key reason for this is that just under half of the ensemble solution space have a slower moving trough which allows for a longer residence time of decaying atmospheric river interacting with a stalled frontal boundary draped east-west across the state of Utah. QPF forecast plumes from these ensemble members have a a longer duration and higher total QPF event. Whereas the remaining just over half of the ensemble solution space brings a faster / more progressive trough passage across the state. The overall setup is the same, with the decaying atmospheric river moisture intersecting the stalled frontal boundary, but the quicker forward speed of the trough results in a quicker spike in precipitation with the trough passage followed by a quicker return to drier weather behind the trough, and thus overall lower QPF totals. Translating this into potential impacts for the state, overall the mild Pacific airmass and decaying AR moisture would keep accumulating snow largely limited to the mountains with valleys seeing a mix of rain and snow at times, although temperature profiles would like be too marginal to support much in the way of valley snow accumulations. By the time the colder air would move in with this system, the moisture and forcing would be quickly moving off to our east, thus precipitation would be quickly shutting down as valleys switched over to colder, all snow p-type at the tail end of the event. Thus the potential for heavy mountain snow accumulations is the main threat. The potential for 12+ inches of snow in the mountains ranges from around 50-80% for the western Uintas, Skyline, Central Wasatch and Tushars. However, for the central Wasatch and the Tushars, there is still a 25-45% chance of 24+ inches, which highlights the higher potential ceiling on this event should the slower trough / longer duration event unfold. In addition, the exact placement of the stalled frontal boundary will matter substantially in directing where the higher precipitation totals will align across the state. Behind this storm system, a quick transition to cool, dry northwesterly flow will follow for the tail end of the week with below normal temperatures and drier weather returning. && .AVIATION...KSLC...Light/variable winds early this morning will become more persistent southerly through midday. Advertising a shift to WNW winds by mid-late afternoon, although confidence is only moderate in that switch today, as only just over 50% of model solutions show this switch occurring, with the remainder keeping a southerly winds in place. By 03Z winds will nearly certainly be back from the south. By Saturday early Saturday morning gusts to around 25 knots will quickly pick up ahead of the next storm system. Some limited low-level wind shear is possible if the surface winds are slow to increase early Saturday morning. .REST OF UTAH AND SOUTHWEST WYOMING...Generally quiet weather across the region today with southerly winds in place, picking up to gusts around 25kts across western and southwestern portions of the state this afternoon. A low-level jet will increase tonight into early Saturday morning, increasing the potential for areas of low-level wind shear where the surface wind stay lighter. Otherwise, terrain induced downslope winds in the southerly flow will result in gusty winds across western Utah by Saturday morning. && .SLC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... UT...None. WY...None. && $$ Seaman/Church For more information from NOAA`s National Weather Service visit... http://weather.gov/saltlakecity