


Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Springfield, MO
Issued by NWS Springfield, MO
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071 FXUS63 KSGF 031140 AFDSGF Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Springfield MO 640 AM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - High confidence in multiple rounds of heavy rainfall through this weekend. Increasing confidence in this resulting in potentially significant flooding, especially in south-central Missouri. Friday into Saturday look to be the most impactful days. A Flood Watch is in effect. - A Marginal (1 of 5) to Slight (2 of 5) Risk of Severe Storms exists this afternoon into tonight, for extreme south- central Missouri. Large hail will be the primary potential severe weather hazard. - Slight (2 of 5) to Enhanced (3 of 5) Risk of Severe Storms Friday. All hazards will be possible with a conditional potential for hail greater than golf ball size, and a strong tornado or two in extreme south-central Missouri. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH FRIDAY/... Issued at 345 AM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 Infrared satellite and radar imagery depicts a large storm complex still ongoing east of our area across the Ohio and Lower Mississippi River Valleys. The extent of the complex is on the east side--and parallel to--a 130-150 kt upper-level jet core that`s spread from the TX panhandle up to northern MI. This jet core has rather stalled out, allowing the associated surface cold front to also slow its eastward progression. Though the core of the jet has stalled, RAP analysis paired with mid-level water vapor imagery depicts several bends or waves along the extent of the jet, which culminates in a deep trough over the west CONUS. These bends and waves will modulate over the course of the next few days while the overall jet remains stationary. This will bring our multiple rounds of heavy rain into the weekend. For now, we`re in another calm period before precipitation chances ramp up. Winds are calm with lows on track to dip in to the middle 40s to middle 50s. Multiple rounds of showers and thunderstorms begin today: One of these modulations will occur today as mid- and upper- level heights rise across our region ahead of an amplifying mid-level shortwave. Lift from the shortwave, along with synoptic support from right entrance region dynamics, will increase the low-level jet overtop the surface front. This will force widespread showers and some thunderstorms across our area today. Onset of the first showers looks to be sometime during the 6 to 10 AM timeframe, lasting through much of the day before decreasing in coverage and intensity after midnight. Rainfall amounts today do not look to be all that impactful with most areas receiving 0.25-0.5 inches of rain by the end of this round. Since some elevated thunderstorms can be expected, localized areas may see higher amounts up to 0.75-1.00 inches as depicted by HREF LPMM rainfall amounts. Marginal to Slight Risk for extreme south-central Missouri today: The best chance for thunderstorms will be later this afternoon into the overnight hours as the HREF mean brings in 100-500 J/kg MUCAPE in extreme south Missouri (like along and south of Highway 76/160) after 5 PM, and gradually increasing through the night. Determinist RAP soundings suggest perhaps some earlier mention of thunder as they bring in 100-500 J/kg MUCAPE after 1 PM. Either way, the instability will be enough for thunderstorm development, and with lapse rates above the inversion at 6-7 C/km, and more than enough unidirectional shear (90 kts 0-6 km bulk shear; 40 kts effective), a few marginally severe storms may occur in extreme southern Missouri. Since these storms will be elevated, hail up to the size of quarters will be possible. We will have to monitor the potential for greater elevated instability, since there will be more than enough shear for supercells. If an isolated supercell can develop, hail up to the size of golf balls would be possible. Cooler air behind the cold front along with widespread cloud cover and rain will keep highs in the middle 50s to middle 60s today. After showers and storms exit the area after midnight, lows will dip into the upper 40s to lower 50s. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 345 AM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 Slight to Enhanced Risk for extreme south-central Missouri Friday: After a brief lull in precipitation tonight, the next round will commence as another amplification of the wave occurs. With the trough axis shifting closer to our region and the downstream jet becoming more meridional, this wave amplification is progged to lift the surface inverted pressure trough further north into southern Missouri. During the morning hours, the 850 mb warm front will lift through the area at the nose of a 30-40 kt low- level jet. At the nose of this LLJ, an arc of thunderstorms will likely develop as convergence along the LLJ nose taps into 500-1000 J/kg of uncapped instability in the 850-800 mb layer. Once again, shear will be plentiful, so a few elevated strong to severe storms may develop and lift through southern Missouri, bringing the threat for hail up to quarters, and up to golf balls within any supercells. The warm front is progged to setup along a line from Branson to Salem by the afternoon. This will create a sharp gradient of temperatures and dewpoints across the area with highs in the middle 50s toward west-central MO, and highs near 70 in south- central MO (near West Plains). Within the sector of near 70 temperatures south of the warm front, surface-based instability could develop. The HRRR/RAP develop 1000-2000 J/kg of SBCAPE within this region. If surface-based instability of this magnitude is able to develop within our area, HRRR/RAP hodographs are absolutely bonkers with a clean half-circle all the way through the troposphere generating 30-40 kt 0-1 km bulk shear, 400-500 m2/s2 0-1 km SRH, and 60-70 kt 0-6 km bulk shear. This would easily be capable of producing significant tornadoes within any discrete/semi-discrete supercell able to develop. This may be difficult given shear vectors parallel to the forced conglomerate of heavy rain and thunderstorms to occur Friday, but this sort of look was seen in models for yesterday`s high risk, and yet, numerous discrete supercells were able to develop ahead of the line. Notably, an experimental CAM called the RRFS consistently depicted the behavior and location of these supercells almost spot-on up to 36 hours beforehand while all other CAMs struggled to show the real solution until a few hours beforehand. While the RRFS has been known to have its flaws, that is an impressive feat. It is showing some of the same behavior for Friday`s storms, so the ceiling for tornadoes is certainly high if this scenario pans out. The key word in this scenario is "could". The warm front is progged to be just north of the border, leaving a thin sliver of our area within the significant tornado probabilities. Any wiggle of the front southward would effectively cutoff the tornado threat and bring mainly elevated embedded supercells to our area. Of course, on the flip side, a further northward trending warm front would mean more of our area in the risk. Since heavy rainfall in our area is bound to develop cold pools, would err on the side of a further south warm front, but trends will continue to be monitored. Bottom line is that there is a risk for tornadoes, some potentially strong, south of the warm front in the Enhanced (3 of 5) Risk. This is within Ozark, Howell, and Oregon counties. Just along and north of the front, instability will be more elevated, so hail up to golf balls or greater will be possible with any established elevated supercell. Potentially significant flooding across south-central Missouri: During the severe threat Friday, the aforementioned meridional wave and lift will force a SSW-NNE oriented swath of heavy rainfall and embedded thunderstorms that slowly moves east through the day and into the night. NAEFS ESATs depict near record PWATs surging into the region at 1.50-1.75 inches. The EFI depicts 2 shifts of tails within values of 0.7-0.8 for QPF amounts. This suggests a potentially impactful amount of rain Friday into Saturday. Looking deeper, hi-res CAMs are depicting this round to be on the more impactful end of the spectrum. NBM 24 hour precipitation from 7 AM Friday to 7 AM Saturday shows a 25th-75th percentile spread of 2-4 inches across south-central MO, and 1-3 inches along and northwest of I-44. Our current gridded forecast calls for 3-5 inches in south-central MO, and 0.5-3 inches along and northwest of I-44. HREF LPMM amounts for this timeframe are concerning with depictions of multiple swaths of 5-7+ inches across southern MO. This would occur in 24 hours. As such, rainfall amounts Friday into Saturday morning look to be widespread areas of 2-5 inches (lower values toward west-central MO), with localized amounts up to 5-8 inches within areas that see multiple heavy thunderstorms. These kinds of amounts in 24 hours will certainly pose the risk for flash, river, and areal flooding, perhaps significant. River forecasts are already taking some areas into Moderate Flood Stages with HEFS output suggesting a currently low-end chance of some rivers reaching Major Flood stage (10-20% chance). The rain doesn`t end 7 AM Saturday, though. The wave will amplify across our region one last time as the trough axis finally starts translating east. This will force our last round of showers and thunderstorms Saturday morning through the evening. NBM spreads point to widespread amounts of 1-2.5 inches along and southeast of I-44. The 90th percentile for this timeframe is in the 2-4 inch range, thus we could see an additional 1-2.5 inches of rain with localized values up to 2-4 inches from Saturday 7 AM to Sunday 7 AM. When it`s all said and done, this brings widespread storm totals of 3.5-8.5 inches, with higher values toward south-central MO. The 25th-75th percentile spreads continue to get tighter, depicting increasing confidence in a range of amounts. As an example, West Plains 25th-75th is 4.5-7.5 inches with the 90th percentile suggesting localized values up to 9 inches. While we would like to be conservative in our forecasts as not to raise too many alarms too early, the trend for localized values of 5-8 inches from HREF LPMMs Friday (in addition to West Plains seeing 1.5 inches of rain from this last round of rain), does raise caution into what absolute maximum localized values could be. As an absolute worst case scenario, some localized areas may see up to 10-15 inches of rain come Sunday morning. For now, a reasonable worst case scenario would be localized values up to 9-10 inches. That being said, this amount of rain brings the potential for flash, areal, and river flooding, with some areas perhaps seeing significant flooding. Cooler behind this system with snow and frost/freeze potential: The system will finally kick through Sunday, bringing deeper trough across east and central CONUS, resulting in a short of cooler air. Near freezing temperatures may enter the region as the backside of the system is exiting which could bring some light snow or a rain/snow mix Saturday night. At the moment, no impactful accumulations are expected. But near freezing to below freezing low temperatures Saturday night through Monday night brings high confidence for frost/freeze headlines. Plan accordingly for outdoor crops/plants. Highs will be cool during this time as well with temperatures in the lower 50s Saturday and Sunday. Dry weather and a warming trend then commences through next week with highs going from the lower 50s Sunday, to the lower 70s Thursday. Lows will also increase from the upper 20s to lower 30s Monday night, to the upper 40s Wednesday night. && .AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z FRIDAY/... Issued at 640 AM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 A brief period of calm VFR conditions will prevail through 12-14Z. Afterwards, widespread rain showers and thunderstorms will move into the area for much of the period (60-90% chance). It`s difficult to pinpoint exactly when lulls and the heaviest precipitation will be, so have included TEMPOs for much of the time to signify that there will be periods of heavier showers as well as periods of no showers at all. The bottom line is that through the whole period, widespread rain/showers will be in and around the area. The best chance for thunderstorms will be after 18Z as elevated instability increases across the area. There is the low-end potential (5% chance) for some thunderstorms to produce small hail up to quarter size, especially at BBG. Otherwise, cigs will slowly deteriorate to MVFR through the period as winds stay modest out of the east. These should then decrease to IFR by 22-01Z, with a chance of LIFR cigs towards the end of the period. With <30% confidence on this timing, set at OVC006 for now, but note that lower cigs after 06Z is possible. Within the easterly winds, some gusts up to 20-25 kts may occur, but rather infrequently. && .HYDROLOGY... Issued at 345 AM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 River Expectations and Forecasts: Abnormally Dry or Drought conditions exist across much of the CWA as evidenced by below normal soil moisture and normal to below normal streamflow. Despite the relatively dry antecedent moisture conditions coming into this event, forecast rainfall amounts will be enough to saturate soils and generate rises on area waterways. RFC forecasts are showing significant rises to many rivers in the Flood Watch area. Locations along the Jacks Fork and Current River are currently expected to reach Moderate flood stage. Further north, the Gasconade River and some major tributaries are also expected to exceed flood stage with the Big Piney expected to reach Moderate Flood stage. Further west, the James River is expected to rise approaching or exceeding flood stage as well as the North fork White River. Important Note: River Forecasts only include precipitation out to 72 hours (Saturday morning) and additional accumulating rainfall on Saturday may cause additional rises. && .SGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KS...None. MO...Flood Watch through Saturday evening for MOZ070-071-081>083- 090>092-095>098-102>106. && $$ SHORT TERM...Price LONG TERM...Price AVIATION...Price HYDROLOGY...Price