


Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Springfield, MO
Issued by NWS Springfield, MO
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156 FXUS63 KSGF 032244 AFDSGF Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Springfield MO 544 PM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - High confidence in multiple rounds of heavy rainfall through this weekend. Increasing confidence in this resulting in potentially significant flooding, especially in south-central Missouri. Friday into Saturday look to be the most impactful days. A Flood Watch is in effect along and southeast of Interstate 44. - A Marginal (1 of 5) to Slight (2 of 5) Risk of Severe Storms exists into tonight, for portions of far southern Missouri. Large hail will be the primary potential severe weather hazard. - Slight (2 of 5) Risk of Severe Storms Friday. Large hail will be the primary potential severe weather hazard. A conditional risk for a tornado or two. Remaining uncertainties in the severe potential. && .SHORT TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... Issued at 325 PM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 A large upper-level trough is setup across the desert southwest with a broad jet extending from the Southern Plains through the Great Lakes region. A stalled surface boundary has settled south of the jet, extending from the Red River Valley through the lower Ohio Valley. Deep southwest flow will remain prevalent into the central CONUS, with waves of energy riding along this boundary. Strong low-level support from a 40-50 knot low-level jet (LLJ) pumps continuous moisture into the area with PWATs approaching 1.2 to 1.5 inches. Our area remains on the cold side of the stationary boundary for the most part, as it wobbles back and forth over the next 48 to 72 hours. This setup, similar to that of the Maddox Heavy Rainfall Pattern, sets the stage for multiple rounds of heavy rainfall and significant flooding across the area this weekend. Radar imagery depicts the first round of showers and thunderstorms overspread the Ozarks region this afternoon. Coverage has largely been focused along and north of Interstate 44 through this morning, with scattered activity gradually increasing into southern Missouri. This environment through this afternoon and evening remains supportive of a few isolated strong to severe thunderstorms. This is characterized by the presence of elevated instability around 250-500 J/kg in the vicinity of mid level lapse rates of 6.5 to 7.0 C/km. Meanwhile, unidirectional deep layer shear (0-60km) on the order of 80-90 knots may help organize a few of the updrafts. This setup will support elevated hail producers, up to quarter sized or smaller. Pockets of higher instability may support slightly bigger hail size, though confidence remains low. SPC has maintained a Marginal (1 of 5) to Slight (2 of 5) Severe Weather Risk south of Interstate 44 towards the MO/AR border to account for this potential. From a rainfall standpoint, this initial batch of rain in addition to yesterday`s act as primer for potential significant flooding into the weekend ahead. The Flood Watch has been expanded to include a few additional counties in southwest MO, and is in effect through Saturday evening. CREST soil moisture analysis depicts some bands of localized higher saturation around 40-60%, with most areas drier around 25 to 40% saturation. Rainfall amounts with this first round of activity have ranged from a 0.25 to 0.75 inch in most locations, with localized higher amounts around an inch or so. An additional 0.25 to 0.50 inches can be expected as activity lingers across the Ozarks through the evening. A lull in the activity is expected through the overnight activity as the initial wave of rain lifts east of the area, outside of a few elevated cells that many fester across south central MO. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... Issued at 325 PM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 The next widespread round of begins on Friday morning as wave amplification is progged to lift the surface inverted pressure trough further north into southern MO. During the morning hours, the 850 mb warm front will lift through the area at the nose of a 30-40 kt low- level jet. At the nose of this LLJ, an arc of thunderstorms will likely develop as convergence along the LLJ nose taps into 500-1000 J/kg of uncapped instability in the 850-800 mb layer. Once again, shear will be plentiful, so a few elevated strong to severe storms may develop and lift through southern MO. Once again, hail up to the size of quarters would be the primary hazard. By the afternoon, guidance depicts a warm front lifting near the MO/AR border. Recent trends suggest the warm front may struggle to make it any further north than this, with the highest potential for strong to severe thunderstorms progged to occur along and just south of the front. However, there is still some uncertainty with how this plays out. While storm motion is expected to keep most of the activity on the cool side of the boundary across southern MO, a few thunderstorms may be able to tap into rich low-level moisture just along the boundary. For this reason, SPC has maintained a Slight Severe Risk (2 of 5) along and south of Interstate 44, with an Enhanced (3 of 5) to Moderate (4 of 5) Risk draped into northern AR. Temperatures will vary across the area, with highs from middle 50s (north) to middle 60s (south). Dewpoints push into the lower to middle 50s. Ample buoyancy (~1500 J/kg) and shear (0-6km 60-70 knots) will be present, to support at least a few scattered organized thunderstorms across southern MO. Large hail (up to golf balls) remains the primary risk, given a more likely scenario of elevated supercells embedded within a potentially messy storm mode. Damaging wind gusts will be tougher to come by in an elevated thunderstorm, though the risk is not completely zero. Meanwhile, the tornado risk is heavily tied to where the front lies. An environment just south of the front, remains favorable for tornadic development, potentially strong. This is supported with ample low-level (0-1km) shear of 30-40 knots and 0-1km SRH of 400-500 m2/s2. Thus, supporting tornadoes within surface based supercells. However, the tornado risk has been nudged south with the latest trends of the warm front. As a result, confidence is low in the conditional tornado risk at this time. The main attention turns towards the increasing confidence in significant flooding to impact the area though Friday and the remainder of the weekend. PWATs are progged to push closer to 1.5 to 1.8 by Friday and Saturday, with the EFI showing 2 shifts of tails within values of 0.7-0.8 for QPF amounts. We are expecting this activity to come in waves/rounds, almost repeatedly with brief lulls from Friday morning through Saturday evening. To set the stage, confidence remains highest for areas along and south of Interstate 44 to see the highest rainfall amounts through this weekend. This is the area highlighted in the Flood Watch through Saturday night. In this area, HREF 48 hour Probability Matched- Mean (PMM) depicts rainfall amounts pushing 3 to 5 inches, with localized amounts of 5 to 7 inches through Saturday morning. A look at 24 hour Localized PMM captures similar trends of several bands of 3 to 5 inches, localized up to 7 inches. This would only capture the extent of rainfall totals through Saturday morning. With that being said, it is becoming increasing concerning that higher amounts towards the 90th percentile of WPC QPF may verify in some locations across south central MO. This would support Average Return Intervals (ARIs) of 50 to 100 years. Additional rounds of rainfall persist beyond Saturday morning into the evening/night. Through the event, rainfall rates will likely be approaching 1 to 2 inches per a hour, with localized higher rates. As showers and thunderstorms repeatedly track over the same areas, amounts may quickly add up. Flash Flood Guidance may quickly be exceeded, posing the risk for flash, river, and areal flooding, perhaps significant. This timeframe of greatest concern for significant flooding to unfold across south central MO is Friday evening through Saturday morning, in which guidance has consistently highlighted. Impacts may be similar to past significant rainfall events in the Ozarks region, such as the Late April 2017 Flood event. WPC Excessive Rainfall Outlooks depict the significance, with Moderate (3 of 4) to High (4 of 4) outlooks across southern Missouri on Friday and an additional Moderate outlook on Saturday. When it`s all said and done, this brings widespread storm totals of 3.5-8.5 inches, with higher values toward south central MO. The 25th-75th percentile spreads continue to get tighter, depicting increasing confidence in a range of amounts. As an example, West Plains 25th-75th is 4.5-7.5 inches with the 90th percentile suggesting localized values up to 9 or 10 inches. For now, a reasonable worst case scenario would be localized values up to 9-10 inches. It is still plausible that even localized higher amounts are realized. That being said, this amount of rain brings the potential for flash, areal, and river flooding, with some areas perhaps seeing significant flooding. Cooler behind this system with snow and frost/freeze potential: The system will finally kick through Sunday, bringing deeper trough across east and central CONUS, resulting in a short of cooler air. Near freezing temperatures may enter the region as the backside of the system is exiting which could bring some light snow or a rain/snow mix Saturday night. At the moment, no impactful accumulations are expected. But near freezing to below freezing low temperatures Saturday night through Monday night brings high confidence for frost/freeze headlines. Plan accordingly for outdoor crops/plants. Highs will be cool during this time as well with temperatures in the lower 50s Saturday and Sunday. Dry weather and a warming trend then commences through next week with highs going from the lower 50s Sunday, to the lower 70s Thursday. Lows will also increase from the upper 20s to lower 30s Monday night, to the upper 40s Wednesday night. && .AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z SATURDAY/... Issued at 544 PM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 Periods of showers and some isolated storms are currently moving across the area early this evening. The thunderstorm activity will mainly remain south of I-44 and east of Highway 65 this evening. This activity will begin to end from west to east this evening with the rain ending across much of the area this evening, a few linger showers and maybe a thunderstorm could linger across far south central MO into the early overnight hours but will end overnight. Ceilings will begin to lower with IFR ceilings developing later this evening then occurring through the day on Friday. Additional showers and a few storms will move back into the area from southwest to northeast Friday morning and continue at times through the day. && .HYDROLOGY... Issued at 345 AM CDT Thu Apr 3 2025 River Expectations and Forecasts: Abnormally Dry or Drought conditions exist across much of the CWA as evidenced by below normal soil moisture and normal to below normal streamflow. Despite the relatively dry antecedent moisture conditions coming into this event, forecast rainfall amounts will be enough to saturate soils and generate rises on area waterways. RFC forecasts are showing significant rises to many rivers in the Flood Watch area. Locations along the Jacks Fork and Current River are currently expected to reach Moderate flood stage. Further north, the Gasconade River and some major tributaries are also expected to exceed flood stage with the Big Piney expected to reach Moderate Flood stage. Further west, the James River is expected to rise approaching or exceeding flood stage as well as the North fork White River. Important Note: River Forecasts only include precipitation out to 72 hours (Saturday morning) and additional accumulating rainfall on Saturday may cause additional rises. && .SGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KS...None. MO...Flood Watch through Saturday evening for MOZ070-071-081>083- 090>098-101>106. && $$ SHORT TERM...Perez LONG TERM...Perez AVIATION...Wise HYDROLOGY...Perez