292
FXUS63 KMPX 192331
AFDMPX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
631 PM CDT Thu Sep 19 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Slight Risk (Level 2/5) for large hail (2"), damaging winds
  (60+ mph), and a few tornadoes across eastern Minnesota and
  western Wisconsin this afternoon and evening.

- Rain is increasingly likely this weekend, however uncertainty
  remains highest with respect to areal coverage and QPF
  amounts. Latest trends favor highest rainfall amounts along
  the Minnesota/Iowa border.

- Cooler air arrives early next week with highs in the 60s.
  Temperatures rebound into the mid to upper 70s by late week.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 111 PM CDT Thu Sep 19 2024

The initial round of early morning convection has all but ended
across the area. Latest KMPX radar imagery captures a few lingering
storms in western Wisconsin, which are exiting to the east. Further
west, visible satellite captures a band of stratus tied to an
eastward advancing cold front. Latest surface observations depict
the front to the east of Alexandria extending south towards Redwood
Falls. The cold front is tied to a negatively tilted closed upper-
low positioned over southeastern Saskatchewan/southwestern Manitoba.
The eastward progression of the front across a region of ascent in
the exit region of the upper-low will be the focus point for
convective development later this afternoon. Data from our special
18z balloon and ACARS data from MSP airport illustrate that
destabilization is underway, however capping will inhibit
development for a little while longer.

RAP forecast guidance and SPC mesoanalysis continue to display a
favorable environment for severe weather across eastern Minnesota
and western Wisconsin, especially by September weather standards.
Strong instability (MLCAPEs 2000-3000 J/kg), steep mid-level lapse
rates (7.0-7.5 deg/km), and sufficient bulk shear (~35 knots) all
point towards an environment capable of producing severe weather.
CAMs seem to have a decent handle on how we expect the event to
unfold, though with any event a degree of uncertainty does remain.
The general idea advertised across the CAM suite is convective
initiation to the west of I-35 by mid-afternoon, with the number of
storms becoming numerous very quickly given the strong instability
and erosion of the cap. As storms intensify and are in the more
discrete or supercellular mode, the threat for large hail (2") and
potential tornadic activity will be the highest. Our concern is that
storms will be in this phase along/near the I-35 corridor and the
large population center that is the Twin Cities Metro during rush
hour. Storms are expected to develop into clusters quickly, which
introduces more uncertainty in the evolution of the event. The
linear nature of the hodograph would suggest splitting cells with
numerous storm scale interactions. The "chaotic" nature to this type
of convective environment means storm interactions could be
constructive or destructive, so the "high-end" nature of this setup
is somewhat in question. Nonetheless, forcing from the front and low-
level jet should promote growth into more linear segments and a
transition to a damaging wind threat as storms exit eastern
Minnesota and enter western Wisconsin. Forecast wind profiles remain
supportive of a QLCS tornado threat as well. The SPC has maintained
a large Slight Risk area in the latest Day 1 convective outlook,
which includes a large hatched area for significant hail (2") across
much of the Slight Risk area.

Showers and thunderstorms will move east of the area later this
evening and will be followed up by a dry Friday across the region. A
thermal ridge is progged to lift northeast out of the central Plains
Friday into Saturday and as a result our high temperature forecast
features the low 80s through Saturday. The weekend forecast puzzle
still has missing pieces, but the general trend is coming into
better context. A clipper-type wave is forecast to slide across the
northern Great Plains Saturday morning and will send a surface cold
front across the Upper Midwest. The passage of the front will re-
introduce scattered PoPs into the forecast Saturday afternoon and
evening. Cold advection behind the front will drop highs in the 60s
for Sunday, though that may not be the end of the active weather for
the weekend. Guidance swings a shortwave trough and associated
surface low across the Great Plains Sunday into Monday, with an
expansive shield of precipitation set to cut across portions of
Iowa/Wisconsin/Illinois etc. The northward extent of the
precipitation shield of greatest uncertainty, as there are wet and
dry members across the various ensembles. The best chance for heavy
QPF will likely be for locations in southern Minnesota, closer to
the surface low. After a cool start to the week, temperatures are
forecast to rebound into the 70s by mid to late week.

&&

.AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z FRIDAY/...
Issued at 631 PM CDT Thu Sep 19 2024

Scattered TS across far eastern MN and WI will continue to push
east through early evening. TS is expected to clear RNH around
01Z, and EAU by 03Z.

KMSP...TS expected to remain east for the remainder of the
evening. Skies will clear by 01-02Z.

/OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/
SAT...VFR. Chc SHRA/TSRA. Wind SE 5-10kts becoming W.
SUN...VFR. Slight chc SHRA/MVFR. Wind NW 5-10 kts.
MON...VFR. Slight chc SHRA/MVFR. Wind NE 5-10 kts.

&&

.MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MN...None.
WI...None.

&&

$$

DISCUSSION...Strus
AVIATION...Borghoff