


Fire Weather Point Forecast Matrices
Issued by NWS New Orleans/Baton Rouge, LA
Issued by NWS New Orleans/Baton Rouge, LA
271 FOUS54 KLIX 121729 PFWLIX Fire Weather Point Forecast Matrices National Weather Service New Orleans LA 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 LAZ080-130900- Big Branch-South Western St Tammany Parish LA-Elev 3 ft 30.27N 89.90W Elev. 3 ft 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 Date 10/12/25 Mon 10/13/25 Tue 10/14/25 Wed UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 56 85 58 87 62 Temp 82 73 66 62 59 57 73 83 84 76 68 63 60 59 73 83 86 78 70 66 64 62 Dewpt 53 56 57 56 56 54 60 55 56 59 59 57 56 55 59 57 57 60 59 57 56 55 Max/Min RH 94 38 88 37 77 RH 36 54 72 80 90 91 64 38 39 56 71 81 86 88 62 41 37 53 69 72 75 77 Wind Dir W SW N NW N N NE E SW SW N N N N NE N N NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 4 5 5 5 2 2 2 3 4 Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 3 3 5 5 4 7 2 5 4 5 1 2 1 3 1 3 5 4 2 2 2 4 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5300 500 400 4800 4300 400 400 4400 4700 500 Trans Wind Dir N E N NE E NW NE NE NE E Trans Wind Spd 5 4 4 5 5 4 8 9 8 5 ADI 53 2 6 35 32 3 11 54 57 Max LVORI 3 6 8 6 3 5 6 4 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/15Thu 10/16/25Fri 10/17/25Sat 10/18/25Sun 10/19/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 87 62 86 66 85 69 85 69 86 Temp 84 78 66 62 84 78 69 66 85 77 71 71 83 79 72 69 83 78 Dewpt 61 65 64 61 65 66 67 65 68 69 69 68 72 72 71 69 72 70 Min/Max RH 45 97 51 99 57 94 67 100 63 RH 45 64 93 97 53 67 94 99 57 77 92 91 71 79 98100 70 75 Wind Dir E SE E NE SE SE S E SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SW S MM Wind Spd 4 2 1 3 4 4 2 3 8 5 3 3 8 4 3 3 6 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL FW FW FW FW FW SC SC FW SC SC SC FW SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 5 10 30 20 30 Rain Showers S C S S C C Tstms S $$ MSZ080-130900- Hancock-Northern Hancock County MS-Elev 98 ft 30.45N 89.45W Elev. 98 ft 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 Date 10/12/25 Mon 10/13/25 Tue 10/14/25 Wed UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 54 85 57 86 61 Temp 81 70 62 59 55 54 73 83 85 76 66 62 59 58 73 83 85 77 68 65 63 61 Dewpt 50 53 54 53 52 52 57 53 52 56 55 53 52 52 58 54 53 56 56 55 54 53 Max/Min RH 94 32 80 33 76 RH 34 56 76 81 90 94 57 36 32 50 69 72 79 80 58 37 33 49 65 71 73 76 Wind Dir N NW S N N N N N N SE N N N N NE N N N N N NE NE Wind Spd 4 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 2 1 2 2 3 5 5 5 2 2 2 3 4 Clouds CL CL CL FW CL FW CL CL CL FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 2 3 2 6 4 6 2 4 3 6 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 5 3 3 1 2 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5300 400 400 5400 6000 400 400 4600 5700 400 Trans Wind Dir N NW N NE N N NE NE N NE Trans Wind Spd 6 4 4 6 6 5 8 11 10 6 ADI 49 2 6 46 67 4 8 62 74 Max LVORI 3 6 8 6 2 3 5 3 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/15Thu 10/16/25Fri 10/17/25Sat 10/18/25Sun 10/19/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 87 59 88 63 84 67 85 68 85 Temp 84 76 64 59 85 77 66 63 84 75 70 68 84 76 72 69 82 78 Dewpt 59 62 61 58 61 64 65 63 67 68 68 68 70 71 70 69 71 69 Min/Max RH 40 95 41 100 56 100 64 100 61 RH 42 61 90 95 44 63 97100 56 78 94100 64 85 94100 68 74 Wind Dir E SE N NE SE S S NE SE SE SE E S SE S S SW MM Wind Spd 4 2 1 2 4 3 1 2 8 4 2 2 8 4 3 3 6 MM Avg Clouds CL CL FW CL CL FW FW FW SC SC FW SC SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 5 10 30 20 30 Rain Showers C S S S C Tstms S $$ MSZ082-130900- Sandhill Crane-South Central Jackson County MS-Elev 25 ft 30.45N 88.66W Elev. 25 ft 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 Date 10/12/25 Mon 10/13/25 Tue 10/14/25 Wed UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 55 85 57 85 61 Temp 82 73 65 61 57 55 73 82 84 76 67 62 59 58 73 83 85 77 68 65 63 61 Dewpt 53 56 57 56 53 53 58 55 56 58 57 56 54 54 58 57 57 59 58 57 55 54 Max/Min RH 95 38 87 38 78 RH 37 55 77 84 86 93 59 40 38 54 70 81 83 87 60 41 38 54 70 75 75 78 Wind Dir NW SW SW NW NW N N N NW W N N N N N N N N N N N NE Wind Spd 3 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 5 3 2 2 3 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 1 2 3 3 4 7 7 5 3 2 3 4 1 3 2 4 1 2 3 3 2 4 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5000 400 400 5300 5400 400 400 4400 5200 400 Trans Wind Dir NW W N N NW NW N N N N Trans Wind Spd 5 4 5 6 6 6 8 9 9 6 ADI 36 3 7 45 46 4 10 54 61 Max LVORI 3 6 8 5 2 5 5 4 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/15Thu 10/16/25Fri 10/17/25Sat 10/18/25Sun 10/19/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 86 61 86 65 84 68 84 69 85 Temp 83 77 65 61 85 76 68 65 82 77 71 69 82 78 72 69 82 78 Dewpt 61 65 63 60 64 66 66 65 68 69 68 68 71 72 70 69 71 70 Min/Max RH 48 97 50 100 62 97 67 100 65 RH 48 66 93 97 50 72 95100 63 75 90 97 69 82 93100 69 76 Wind Dir E S N N SE S S E SE SE SE SE S SE S SW S MM Wind Spd 4 2 2 3 4 3 2 3 8 5 3 4 8 5 3 3 8 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW FW FW SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 5 10 30 30 30 Rain Showers S C S C C C $$ MSZ082-130900- Grand Bay-Southeast Jackson County MS-Elev 7 ft 30.44N 88.42W Elev. 7 ft 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 Date 10/12/25 Mon 10/13/25 Tue 10/14/25 Wed UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 53 85 56 85 60 Temp 81 73 63 59 55 53 72 81 84 75 65 62 58 57 72 82 84 76 68 63 61 60 Dewpt 54 56 57 56 54 53 59 55 56 58 58 56 54 54 59 57 57 58 59 58 55 54 Max/Min RH 100 38 90 40 84 RH 39 55 81 90 96100 64 41 38 56 78 81 87 90 64 43 40 54 73 84 81 81 Wind Dir S SW W NW N N N N NW W N N N N N N N N N N N NE Wind Spd 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 5 2 2 2 3 4 5 5 5 3 2 2 3 4 Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 0 1 3 4 5 7 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 4 3 5 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5000 400 400 5100 5200 500 400 4400 4900 400 Trans Wind Dir W W N N NW NW NE NE N NW Trans Wind Spd 5 4 6 6 6 5 8 9 8 6 ADI 34 3 7 36 44 3 8 54 59 Max LVORI 3 7 9 6 3 5 6 4 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/15Thu 10/16/25Fri 10/17/25Sat 10/18/25Sun 10/19/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 85 60 85 64 83 68 83 68 84 Temp 82 76 65 60 84 74 67 64 83 75 70 69 81 77 71 69 81 78 Dewpt 62 65 64 60 64 66 66 64 69 69 68 68 72 72 70 69 71 70 Min/Max RH 51 100 51 100 63 97 72 100 67 RH 51 69 97100 51 76 97100 63 82 93 97 74 85 97100 72 76 Wind Dir E S N N SE S S E SE SE SE SE S SE S S S MM Wind Spd 4 2 2 3 4 3 2 3 8 4 3 3 8 4 3 3 6 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW FW FW SC SC FW FW SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 5 10 30 30 30 Rain Showers S C S C C C $$ MSZ070-130900- Pike-Northern Pike County MS-Elev 366 ft 31.19N 90.48W Elev. 366 ft 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 Date 10/12/25 Mon 10/13/25 Tue 10/14/25 Wed UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 54 85 57 85 58 Temp 82 72 62 59 55 54 73 82 84 75 65 62 59 57 73 83 85 75 67 63 60 58 Dewpt 50 54 55 53 51 51 57 54 54 56 56 55 53 52 57 55 54 55 55 54 53 52 Max/Min RH 90 35 83 35 80 RH 33 52 77 80 86 89 57 38 35 52 74 78 81 82 58 38 35 50 67 72 78 80 Wind Dir N E W N E NE N NE NE NW N NE NE NE NE N N N N NE NE NE Wind Spd 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 5 4 3 4 4 Clouds CL CL CL CL FW CL CL FW CL FW CL CL FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 3 4 3 2 7 3 1 9 4 6 3 3 8 2 1 4 2 4 1 1 5 2 Visibility 10 10 10 10 7 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 4700 500 400 4800 5300 400 400 4200 5000 400 Trans Wind Dir N NE NE NE N N NE NE N N Trans Wind Spd 6 4 3 4 6 8 8 10 11 9 ADI 45 2 3 42 53 4 8 63 69 Max LVORI 2 6 7 5 2 4 5 3 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/15Thu 10/16/25Fri 10/17/25Sat 10/18/25Sun 10/19/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 86 59 88 61 85 65 85 67 83 Temp 83 75 62 59 85 77 64 61 83 77 68 66 83 77 70 67 80 75 Dewpt 58 58 56 55 60 61 61 61 64 64 67 66 70 69 69 67 69 65 Min/Max RH 39 87 39 100 50 100 62 100 58 RH 43 56 81 87 43 58 90100 53 64 97100 65 78 97100 68 72 Wind Dir NE NE E NE SE SE S S SE S S SE S S S S W MM Wind Spd 4 3 2 3 4 3 2 2 5 5 3 3 6 5 3 3 6 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW FW SC SC SC FW FW SC SC SC B1 SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 10 5 30 30 40 Rain Showers C S C C C Tstms S $$ MSZ082-130900- Vancleave-Northern Jackson County MS-Elev 125 ft 30.62N 88.71W Elev. 125 ft 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 Date 10/12/25 Mon 10/13/25 Tue 10/14/25 Wed UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 54 86 56 87 59 Temp 83 73 63 59 55 54 73 84 86 76 64 62 58 56 73 83 86 77 67 63 61 59 Dewpt 50 54 56 54 52 51 56 53 52 56 56 53 52 52 57 55 53 57 57 55 53 53 Max/Min RH 90 31 86 32 80 RH 32 51 78 83 90 90 55 34 31 50 75 72 80 86 57 38 32 50 70 75 75 80 Wind Dir N S S NW N N N NE N NW N N N N N N N N N N N N Wind Spd 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 Clouds CL CL CL CL FW CL FW FW CL CL CL FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 2 2 5 2 8 4 6 6 2 4 4 6 1 1 1 4 2 3 4 1 1 2 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5400 400 400 5700 5900 500 400 4700 5700 400 Trans Wind Dir N W N N NW NW NE N N N Trans Wind Spd 6 4 4 6 6 5 8 10 9 6 ADI 54 3 6 49 58 3 8 63 71 Max LVORI 2 6 7 4 2 4 5 3 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/15Thu 10/16/25Fri 10/17/25Sat 10/18/25Sun 10/19/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 87 59 88 63 85 67 85 69 86 Temp 85 77 64 59 87 75 66 63 85 75 70 68 83 78 72 69 83 78 Dewpt 59 62 61 58 61 63 64 63 66 67 67 67 70 69 70 69 70 68 Min/Max RH 40 97 42 100 53 97 61 100 59 RH 41 60 90 96 42 66 93100 53 76 90 97 65 74 93100 65 71 Wind Dir E S N N SE S S E SE SE SE E S SE S W S MM Wind Spd 4 2 2 3 4 3 2 3 8 5 3 3 8 5 3 3 6 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW FW FW SC SC SC FW SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 5 10 30 20 30 Rain Showers S C S S S C Tstms S $$ MSZ081-130900- Camp Keller-Northern Harrison County MS-Elev 130 ft 30.52N 88.98W Elev. 130 ft 1229 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025 Date 10/12/25 Mon 10/13/25 Tue 10/14/25 Wed UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 58 86 60 86 61 Temp 81 73 66 62 59 58 74 84 85 77 67 65 62 61 75 84 85 78 69 66 63 61 Dewpt 50 54 55 54 53 52 55 51 52 56 56 54 53 53 56 53 52 56 57 55 54 53 Max/Min RH 83 32 75 32 75 RH 34 51 68 75 80 80 51 32 32 48 68 68 72 75 52 34 32 47 66 68 72 75 Wind Dir S SW W NW N N N NE NW W N N N N N NE NE N N N N N Wind Spd 5 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 3 2 3 4 5 5 6 5 4 3 3 4 5 Clouds CL CL CL CL FW FW FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 4 2 2 2 8 6 7 5 4 4 2 5 1 1 1 4 5 3 2 1 1 2 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5300 400 400 5300 5700 400 400 4200 5400 400 Trans Wind Dir NW W N NE NW NW N NE N N Trans Wind Spd 5 4 5 6 6 6 8 10 8 5 ADI 36 3 7 42 49 3 10 52 63 Max LVORI 2 3 5 3 2 3 4 3 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/15Thu 10/16/25Fri 10/17/25Sat 10/18/25Sun 10/19/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 87 62 87 66 84 69 85 70 85 Temp 86 76 66 62 86 76 69 66 84 77 72 71 84 77 73 70 83 79 Dewpt 58 63 61 59 60 64 65 64 65 67 68 68 68 70 70 69 69 68 Min/Max RH 39 93 42 93 53 90 59 97 61 RH 39 64 84 90 42 66 87 93 53 71 87 90 59 79 90 97 63 69 Wind Dir E S N N SE S S E SE SE SE E S SE S W S MM Wind Spd 5 3 2 3 6 4 2 3 8 6 4 4 9 6 4 4 8 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL FW FW FW SC SC FW SC SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 5 10 30 20 30 Rain Showers S C S S S C Tstms S $$ This product is for planning and review purposes only and is not to be substituted for an official fire weather spot forecast. The data displayed are caculated from a 2.5 by 2.5 km digital database and only approximate weather conditions in highly varying terrain. Please relay any comments you have to the NWS via email at sr-lix.webmaster@noaa.gov. Below is a weather element key for this product. (Note: Winds do not reflect local terrain effects.) Day 1 through 3... Max/Min temp or Min/Max temp(F).....Maximum/Minimum Air Temperature Temp(F).............................Air Temperature Dewpt(F)............................Dew Point Temperature Min/Max RH or Max/Min RH(%).........Maximum/Minimum Humidity RH(%)...............................Relative Humidity Wind Dir(8 point compass)...........20 ft. Wind Direction Wind Dir Deg(degrees)...............20 ft. Wind Direction in Tens of Degrees relative to due north. Example: 09 = 90 degrees = east; 18 = 180 degrees = south; 27 = 270 degrees = west; 36 = 360 degrees = north Wind Spd(mph).......................20 ft. Wind Speed Wind Gust(mph)......................20 ft. Wind Gust Wind Chill..........................Wind Chill Temperature Heat Indx...........................Heat Index Clouds(cat).........................Cloud Cover Category Example: CL = clear; FW = few; SC = scattered; B1 = mostly cloudy; B2 = considerable clouds; OV = overcast Clouds(%)...........................Cloud Cover as a Percentage Visibility..........................Visibility Value in Statute Miles PoP 12hr(%).........................Probability of Accumulating Precipitation QPF 12hr(in)........................Liquid Equivalent Precipitation Amount Weather... Type... Rain...........Rain Rain Shwrs.....Rain Showers Tstms..........Thunderstorms Drizzle........Drizzle Snow...........Snow Snow Shwrs.....Snow Showers Sleet..........Sleet Flurries.......Flurries Frzg Rain......Freezing Rain Frzg Drzl......Freezing Drizzle Coverage... S..............Slight Chance C..............Chance L..............Likely O..............Occasional D..............Definite AR.............Areas PA.............Patchy Obvis...............................Obstruction to Visibility Type... F..............Fog PF.............Patchy Fog F+.............Dense Fog H..............Haze BS.............Blowing Snow K..............Smoke BD.............Blowing Dust AF.............Volcanic Ashfall DSI (cat)...........................Davis Stability Index Mix Hgt(ft AGL).....................Mixing Height T wind dir(8 point compass).........Transport Wind Direction T wind spd(mph).....................Transport Wind Speed ADI (index).........................Atmospheric Dispersion Index Ceiling (ft)........................Ceiling LVORI (index).......................Low Visibility Occurrence Risk Index Stability (cat).....................Pasquill Turner Stability Watch/Warning/Advisory... Example: W = Warning; Y = Advisory; A = Watch in effect for the indicated hour Day 4 through 7... Max/Min temp or Min/Max temp(F).....Maximum/Minimum Air Temperature Temp(F).............................Air Temperature Dewpt(F)............................Dew Point Temperature RH(%)...............................Relative Humidity Wind dir............................20 ft. Wind Direction Wind spd(mph).......................20 ft. Wind Speed Avg clouds(cat).....................Average Cloud Cover Category PoP 12hr(%).........................Probability for Accumulating Precipitation Weather... See day 1 through 3 weather descriptions