


Fire Weather Point Forecast Matrices
Issued by NWS New Orleans/Baton Rouge, LA
Issued by NWS New Orleans/Baton Rouge, LA
969 FOUS54 KLIX 091729 PFWLIX Fire Weather Point Forecast Matrices National Weather Service New Orleans LA 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 LAZ080-100900- Big Branch-South Western St Tammany Parish LA-Elev 3 ft 30.27N 89.90W Elev. 3 ft 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 Date 10/09/25 Fri 10/10/25 Sat 10/11/25 Sun UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 65 83 61 84 60 Temp 88 82 72 69 67 65 75 81 83 77 70 66 63 61 73 81 83 78 69 65 63 61 Dewpt 67 66 63 59 60 62 66 66 65 65 62 60 57 56 62 61 61 61 60 58 57 56 Max/Min RH 91 55 84 46 86 RH 50 60 72 70 79 91 76 60 55 66 76 81 81 84 68 51 48 58 73 77 82 83 Wind Dir N N N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 8 4 5 5 5 6 8 8 6 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 5 3 2 2 2 3 Clouds CL FW CL FW FW SC SC SC SC FW FW FW CL CL CL FW FW FW FW CL CL CL Clouds(%) 4 6 4 10 10 29 33 32 34 19 6 6 4 5 4 6 7 12 6 3 2 3 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5200 1100 500 2000 4500 1100 400 1800 5000 1500 Trans Wind Dir N N NE E NE NE NE NE NE NE Trans Wind Spd 12 13 13 13 12 12 10 11 11 8 ADI 39 10 18 36 37 6 11 39 39 Max LVORI 3 3 5 4 3 4 5 4 3 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/12Mon 10/13/25Tue 10/14/25Wed 10/15/25Thu 10/16/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 85 62 86 62 88 64 88 65 87 Temp 84 75 66 63 84 78 67 63 85 80 70 65 85 80 69 65 85 79 Dewpt 60 61 61 59 63 63 63 59 62 63 61 59 63 65 63 60 64 65 Min/Max RH 44 91 46 90 43 83 45 87 48 RH 45 62 85 88 49 60 86 88 46 56 74 82 48 60 80 84 50 62 Wind Dir SE S S N S S SW N NE S N NE NE E NE NE E MM Wind Spd 3 2 2 2 4 3 2 3 5 3 3 4 5 3 2 3 5 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$ MSZ080-100900- Hancock-Northern Hancock County MS-Elev 98 ft 30.45N 89.45W Elev. 98 ft 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 Date 10/09/25 Fri 10/10/25 Sat 10/11/25 Sun UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 64 82 60 82 58 Temp 87 80 72 69 66 64 73 79 81 75 68 66 62 60 72 79 82 75 67 63 60 59 Dewpt 66 64 61 59 61 62 64 64 62 62 59 57 55 55 61 61 58 59 57 55 54 54 Max/Min RH 93 53 84 45 87 RH 49 58 69 71 86 93 72 60 53 63 73 74 78 84 67 53 45 58 71 75 82 84 Wind Dir N N N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE Wind Spd 8 5 6 4 4 5 8 8 6 4 3 3 4 4 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 Clouds CL FW FW FW FW SC SC SC FW SC FW FW FW FW CL CL FW FW FW CL CL CL Clouds(%) 5 7 12 15 18 40 30 31 23 36 12 6 7 6 3 3 8 8 8 5 2 2 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 4600 500 600 2100 5300 500 400 2000 5900 500 Trans Wind Dir N N E E NE NE NE NE NE NE Trans Wind Spd 12 12 12 13 11 9 9 11 11 8 ADI 38 9 18 39 39 4 10 38 38 Max LVORI 3 3 5 4 3 4 5 4 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/12Mon 10/13/25Tue 10/14/25Wed 10/15/25Thu 10/16/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 85 58 86 60 88 64 89 63 87 Temp 82 75 63 59 84 77 65 60 85 78 68 64 86 79 69 64 85 78 Dewpt 58 59 57 57 60 61 58 56 59 60 58 57 62 63 60 58 61 62 Min/Max RH 39 97 39 89 37 78 41 83 42 RH 43 58 81 93 43 58 79 88 41 54 71 78 45 58 74 80 45 59 Wind Dir E S SW NW E S W N NE NE N N NE NE NE NE NE MM Wind Spd 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 5 3 2 3 5 3 2 3 4 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$ MSZ082-100900- Sandhill Crane-South Central Jackson County MS-Elev 25 ft 30.45N 88.66W Elev. 25 ft 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 Date 10/09/25 Fri 10/10/25 Sat 10/11/25 Sun UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 64 81 61 83 59 Temp 88 81 73 70 67 64 73 78 80 75 68 66 63 61 72 80 82 75 67 64 61 60 Dewpt 69 69 68 66 65 62 63 64 63 61 60 57 57 56 62 62 61 59 58 56 55 54 Max/Min RH 93 56 84 49 83 RH 53 66 84 87 93 93 72 62 56 62 76 73 81 84 71 54 49 58 73 75 81 81 Wind Dir NE N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE N N NE NE NE Wind Spd 8 4 6 5 6 8 9 9 8 8 6 4 5 6 8 8 8 4 3 3 3 3 Clouds CL FW SC FW FW FW SC B1 SC FW FW FW FW FW FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 2 8 40 16 23 23 38 52 28 22 18 15 15 13 8 5 5 2 4 3 3 4 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 5 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 4200 500 600 2100 4300 600 500 2000 5700 600 Trans Wind Dir N NE E E NE NE NE NE NE N Trans Wind Spd 10 10 13 14 13 10 10 12 12 9 ADI 36 10 16 37 40 7 13 37 41 Max LVORI 3 5 6 4 3 4 4 4 2 Stability B F F C C F F B B F F Date 10/12Mon 10/13/25Tue 10/14/25Wed 10/15/25Thu 10/16/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 84 60 86 60 87 63 87 64 86 Temp 82 75 65 61 84 77 66 61 84 78 68 64 86 77 69 65 84 78 Dewpt 58 60 59 57 60 62 61 58 61 63 60 58 63 65 62 59 62 64 Min/Max RH 43 90 43 93 43 84 46 84 48 RH 45 59 81 87 44 60 84 90 46 60 76 81 46 66 78 81 48 62 Wind Dir E S W N N SW NW N NE W N N NE W N N E MM Wind Spd 3 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL FW CL FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$ MSZ082-100900- Grand Bay-Southeast Jackson County MS-Elev 7 ft 30.44N 88.42W Elev. 7 ft 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 Date 10/09/25 Fri 10/10/25 Sat 10/11/25 Sun UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 64 80 61 82 58 Temp 87 80 73 70 66 64 72 77 80 74 67 65 63 61 72 79 81 75 66 63 60 59 Dewpt 70 70 68 67 64 62 63 64 64 62 60 57 57 57 62 63 61 60 58 56 55 54 Max/Min RH 93 58 87 51 87 RH 57 72 84 90 93 93 73 64 58 66 78 75 81 87 71 58 51 60 75 78 84 83 Wind Dir NE N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE N N NE NE NE Wind Spd 8 4 4 4 5 8 8 8 8 6 5 4 4 5 8 8 6 3 3 3 3 3 Clouds CL FW SC SC SC FW SC SC FW FW FW FW FW FW FW CL CL CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 3 23 31 31 27 23 41 47 23 20 18 18 20 17 8 5 3 2 2 3 4 5 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 5 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 4100 500 700 2100 4000 500 400 2300 5400 500 Trans Wind Dir N NE E E NE NE NE NE NE N Trans Wind Spd 11 10 14 16 13 11 10 12 11 9 ADI 36 6 18 39 39 7 13 36 37 Max LVORI 3 5 6 4 3 4 5 4 3 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/12Mon 10/13/25Tue 10/14/25Wed 10/15/25Thu 10/16/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 83 59 85 60 86 63 87 63 85 Temp 81 74 64 60 83 75 65 61 83 78 67 64 84 77 68 65 83 77 Dewpt 59 60 60 58 61 63 61 58 62 63 61 58 64 65 62 59 63 65 Min/Max RH 46 93 46 93 48 84 50 87 49 RH 47 62 87 93 48 66 87 90 49 60 81 81 51 67 81 81 51 67 Wind Dir E SW NW N NE SW NW N NE W N N NE W N N E MM Wind Spd 3 2 2 2 4 3 2 3 5 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL FW CL CL PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$ MSZ070-100900- Pike-Northern Pike County MS-Elev 366 ft 31.19N 90.48W Elev. 366 ft 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 Date 10/09/25 Fri 10/10/25 Sat 10/11/25 Sun UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 59 81 57 82 57 Temp 84 75 66 62 59 59 71 78 81 73 65 63 60 58 72 79 81 73 64 61 59 58 Dewpt 62 58 55 52 53 56 63 64 62 60 60 57 55 54 58 58 57 57 57 56 55 54 Max/Min RH 90 53 89 42 91 RH 48 56 68 70 80 90 76 61 53 65 84 81 84 87 61 49 43 56 78 84 87 88 Wind Dir N N N N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE N NE NE NE E Wind Spd 9 8 8 4 3 4 6 8 6 5 4 3 3 3 4 5 6 3 2 2 2 2 Clouds CL CL CL CL FW SC SC SC SC SC FW CL CL CL CL FW CL FW CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 2 4 2 2 21 29 26 36 29 30 7 1 5 4 5 9 4 6 4 3 3 3 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 3600 400 400 1700 4300 400 400 1700 5200 400 Trans Wind Dir N N NE E NE NE NE NE NE N Trans Wind Spd 13 12 10 10 10 8 9 9 11 6 ADI 37 8 11 29 30 4 9 39 39 Max LVORI 3 3 5 5 3 5 6 4 2 Stability C F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/12Mon 10/13/25Tue 10/14/25Wed 10/15/25Thu 10/16/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 85 58 86 59 88 62 88 63 87 Temp 83 75 63 59 84 77 65 60 85 78 67 63 86 79 67 63 85 77 Dewpt 58 57 57 56 59 59 58 57 59 59 59 57 61 60 59 57 60 59 Min/Max RH 37 93 39 93 36 84 39 82 39 RH 43 55 81 90 43 55 79 90 42 52 75 81 44 53 75 81 43 54 Wind Dir SE S S SW SW NE N N NE N N N NE N NE NE NE MM Wind Spd 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 5 4 3 3 5 4 3 3 5 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$ MSZ082-100900- Vancleave-Northern Jackson County MS-Elev 125 ft 30.62N 88.71W Elev. 125 ft 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 Date 10/09/25 Fri 10/10/25 Sat 10/11/25 Sun UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 64 82 61 84 57 Temp 88 81 73 70 66 64 73 79 81 75 68 65 63 61 73 81 83 75 66 63 60 58 Dewpt 65 65 65 64 63 61 62 62 61 59 58 56 55 56 60 60 58 57 56 55 54 54 Max/Min RH 90 51 84 43 90 RH 47 58 76 81 90 90 68 56 51 58 70 73 75 84 64 49 43 54 70 75 81 87 Wind Dir N N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE N N NE NE N Wind Spd 8 5 6 5 6 8 8 8 8 6 5 4 5 5 8 8 6 3 3 3 3 3 Clouds FW FW SC FW FW FW SC SC FW FW FW FW FW FW CL CL FW CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 7 19 37 19 25 22 37 45 25 18 15 10 8 7 5 5 6 5 4 3 1 2 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 5 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 5100 600 700 2100 4500 500 500 2100 5700 500 Trans Wind Dir N NE E E NE NE NE NE NE N Trans Wind Spd 11 10 12 13 13 9 9 10 12 8 ADI 37 8 16 38 40 7 10 37 41 Max LVORI 3 4 5 4 3 3 5 4 2 Stability B F F B B F F B B F F Date 10/12Mon 10/13/25Tue 10/14/25Wed 10/15/25Thu 10/16/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 85 57 87 60 88 64 89 63 88 Temp 83 75 63 59 85 77 65 60 85 78 67 64 86 79 68 64 87 76 Dewpt 57 58 57 56 58 60 59 56 59 60 58 57 61 62 60 57 60 61 Min/Max RH 37 96 38 87 36 78 39 81 40 RH 41 56 81 90 40 56 81 87 41 54 73 78 43 56 76 78 40 60 Wind Dir E S W N NE SW NW N NE W N N NE NW N N E MM Wind Spd 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 5 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$ MSZ081-100900- Camp Keller-Northern Harrison County MS-Elev 130 ft 30.52N 88.98W Elev. 130 ft 1228 PM CDT Thu Oct 9 2025 Date 10/09/25 Fri 10/10/25 Sat 10/11/25 Sun UTC 3hrly 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 CDT 3hrly 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 Min/Max 65 82 62 84 60 Temp 88 82 74 72 68 66 73 80 81 76 69 67 64 62 73 81 83 77 68 65 62 60 Dewpt 65 66 63 63 63 62 62 62 61 60 58 56 56 56 59 58 58 58 56 55 54 54 Max/Min RH 87 51 81 41 81 RH 47 58 69 73 84 87 68 54 51 58 68 68 75 81 62 46 43 52 65 70 75 81 Wind Dir NE N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE N N NE NE NE Wind Spd 9 5 8 6 6 8 9 9 8 8 6 6 6 8 8 9 8 4 3 3 3 3 Clouds FW FW FW FW SC SC SC SC SC FW FW FW FW CL CL CL FW CL CL CL CL CL Clouds(%) 9 7 19 20 28 35 36 42 28 15 13 9 8 5 4 5 11 5 3 4 2 2 Visibility 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 PoP 12hr 5 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Mix Hgt 4400 400 700 2000 4500 500 400 1900 5800 700 Trans Wind Dir N NE E E NE NE NE NE NE N Trans Wind Spd 11 10 13 13 13 10 9 11 12 8 ADI 36 8 16 38 40 7 11 37 41 Max LVORI 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 2 Stability C F F C C F F B B F F Date 10/12Mon 10/13/25Tue 10/14/25Wed 10/15/25Thu 10/16/25 UTC 6hrly 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 CDT 6hrly 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 Max/Min 85 61 86 62 88 65 89 65 87 Temp 84 74 65 62 86 75 67 62 86 80 70 66 88 78 70 66 86 77 Dewpt 55 58 57 57 58 61 59 57 58 60 58 57 60 63 60 58 59 62 Min/Max RH 36 87 39 84 36 75 39 78 39 RH 37 57 75 84 39 62 75 84 39 51 66 73 39 60 71 75 40 60 Wind Dir E S W N SE S NW N NE W N N NE SW N N E MM Wind Spd 5 3 2 3 4 3 2 4 6 4 3 5 6 4 3 4 5 MM Avg Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $$ This product is for planning and review purposes only and is not to be substituted for an official fire weather spot forecast. The data displayed are caculated from a 2.5 by 2.5 km digital database and only approximate weather conditions in highly varying terrain. Please relay any comments you have to the NWS via email at sr-lix.webmaster@noaa.gov. Below is a weather element key for this product. (Note: Winds do not reflect local terrain effects.) Day 1 through 3... Max/Min temp or Min/Max temp(F).....Maximum/Minimum Air Temperature Temp(F).............................Air Temperature Dewpt(F)............................Dew Point Temperature Min/Max RH or Max/Min RH(%).........Maximum/Minimum Humidity RH(%)...............................Relative Humidity Wind Dir(8 point compass)...........20 ft. Wind Direction Wind Dir Deg(degrees)...............20 ft. Wind Direction in Tens of Degrees relative to due north. Example: 09 = 90 degrees = east; 18 = 180 degrees = south; 27 = 270 degrees = west; 36 = 360 degrees = north Wind Spd(mph).......................20 ft. Wind Speed Wind Gust(mph)......................20 ft. Wind Gust Wind Chill..........................Wind Chill Temperature Heat Indx...........................Heat Index Clouds(cat).........................Cloud Cover Category Example: CL = clear; FW = few; SC = scattered; B1 = mostly cloudy; B2 = considerable clouds; OV = overcast Clouds(%)...........................Cloud Cover as a Percentage Visibility..........................Visibility Value in Statute Miles PoP 12hr(%).........................Probability of Accumulating Precipitation QPF 12hr(in)........................Liquid Equivalent Precipitation Amount Weather... Type... Rain...........Rain Rain Shwrs.....Rain Showers Tstms..........Thunderstorms Drizzle........Drizzle Snow...........Snow Snow Shwrs.....Snow Showers Sleet..........Sleet Flurries.......Flurries Frzg Rain......Freezing Rain Frzg Drzl......Freezing Drizzle Coverage... S..............Slight Chance C..............Chance L..............Likely O..............Occasional D..............Definite AR.............Areas PA.............Patchy Obvis...............................Obstruction to Visibility Type... F..............Fog PF.............Patchy Fog F+.............Dense Fog H..............Haze BS.............Blowing Snow K..............Smoke BD.............Blowing Dust AF.............Volcanic Ashfall DSI (cat)...........................Davis Stability Index Mix Hgt(ft AGL).....................Mixing Height T wind dir(8 point compass).........Transport Wind Direction T wind spd(mph).....................Transport Wind Speed ADI (index).........................Atmospheric Dispersion Index Ceiling (ft)........................Ceiling LVORI (index).......................Low Visibility Occurrence Risk Index Stability (cat).....................Pasquill Turner Stability Watch/Warning/Advisory... Example: W = Warning; Y = Advisory; A = Watch in effect for the indicated hour Day 4 through 7... Max/Min temp or Min/Max temp(F).....Maximum/Minimum Air Temperature Temp(F).............................Air Temperature Dewpt(F)............................Dew Point Temperature RH(%)...............................Relative Humidity Wind dir............................20 ft. Wind Direction Wind spd(mph).......................20 ft. Wind Speed Avg clouds(cat).....................Average Cloud Cover Category PoP 12hr(%).........................Probability for Accumulating Precipitation Weather... See day 1 through 3 weather descriptions