Point Forecast Matrices
Issued by NWS Wichita, KS
Issued by NWS Wichita, KS
454 FOUS53 KICT 121131 PFMICT Point Forecast Matrices National Weather Service Wichita KS 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 KSZ032-122200- Russell-Russell KS 38.87N 98.81W Elev. 1862 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 69 41 70 41 75 Temp 37 46 63 68 60 50 47 45 43 50 65 70 62 50 47 44 41 50 69 75 66 Dewpt 32 36 38 38 40 41 40 40 39 40 41 41 42 43 41 40 38 40 41 41 44 RH 82 68 39 33 47 71 76 82 86 68 41 35 48 77 79 86 89 68 36 29 45 Wind dir NW S S S S S S S S S S S S SW SW SW SW SW S S S Wind spd 6 3 5 9 9 9 10 9 8 8 9 9 5 5 5 5 4 4 6 10 10 Clouds CL CL FW FW FW FW FW B1 B2 SC FW FW FW CL CL FW FW FW FW FW SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 47 72 41 63 42 56 34 54 Temp 53 48 70 63 48 41 60 57 47 43 55 51 42 35 49 48 Dewpt 43 38 38 37 36 35 35 35 36 37 41 38 37 35 37 36 PWind dir SW NW NE E SE S N NE Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN GN GN Avg clouds SC B1 SC FW SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 5 30 30 5 0 Rain shwrs S C C S $$ KSZ049-122200- Salina-Saline KS 38.79N 97.65W Elev. 1288 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 69 42 70 42 75 Temp 38 46 63 68 61 50 47 43 44 51 66 70 62 52 49 45 43 50 68 74 66 Dewpt 33 39 42 42 43 43 41 40 40 44 47 48 49 49 48 45 43 46 50 50 51 RH 82 76 46 39 51 77 79 89 86 77 50 45 62 89 96100100 86 52 43 58 Wind dir SW N SE S SE S S S S S S S S S SW SW SW S S S S Wind spd 1 2 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 10 10 5 4 4 3 2 3 5 9 8 Clouds CL CL FW SC FW FW FW SC B2 B2 FW FW CL CL FW FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 50 74 42 65 44 60 37 56 Temp 55 50 70 64 49 43 60 57 47 46 57 54 45 38 52 50 Dewpt 49 44 44 42 40 38 38 38 37 40 46 43 40 38 41 41 PWind dir S NW NE E SE S N N Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN LT LT Avg clouds SC B1 SC FW FW SC FW FW FW SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 5 30 40 10 5 Rain shwrs C C S $$ KSZ047-122200- Great Bend-Barton KS 38.35N 98.87W Elev. 1887 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 69 41 70 41 76 Temp 39 46 65 68 61 50 46 44 42 51 66 70 62 50 46 43 42 51 69 75 66 Dewpt 33 38 41 41 43 42 41 40 39 42 44 44 45 45 43 41 39 43 45 45 47 RH 79 73 41 37 51 74 83 86 89 71 45 39 54 83 89 93 89 74 42 34 50 Wind dir NW W S S S S S S S S S S S S SW SW W SW S S S Wind spd 3 2 5 10 9 8 8 8 6 8 10 10 5 4 4 3 3 3 6 10 10 Clouds CL CL FW FW FW FW FW SC B2 SC FW FW FW CL CL FW FW FW FW FW SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 49 74 41 64 44 59 34 56 Temp 54 49 71 64 48 42 61 58 47 45 58 54 42 36 52 50 Dewpt 44 38 41 40 39 38 38 39 39 40 43 39 37 36 39 39 PWind dir SW NW NE E SE SW NW NE Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN LT GN Avg clouds SC B1 SC FW SC SC FW FW FW SC SC FW FW SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 0 0 5 5 30 20 5 0 Rain shwrs S C S $$ KSZ051-122200- McPherson-McPherson KS 38.35N 97.69W Elev. 1498 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 69 41 68 42 73 Temp 42 48 64 68 60 50 47 44 43 50 64 67 61 52 49 46 43 51 67 72 64 Dewpt 34 39 41 40 42 42 41 40 40 44 46 48 50 49 48 46 43 47 49 50 51 RH 73 71 43 36 51 74 79 86 89 80 52 50 67 89 96100100 86 52 46 63 Wind dir NW N SE S SE S S S S S S S S S S SW SW S S S S Wind spd 3 2 2 4 5 5 5 5 6 8 10 10 5 4 4 4 3 4 5 10 8 Clouds CL CL FW SC CL FW FW SC B1 B1 SC FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 50 72 42 64 45 59 36 55 Temp 55 50 69 63 49 43 60 57 47 47 57 54 43 37 51 49 Dewpt 49 45 43 42 40 38 38 39 39 40 46 42 39 37 41 40 PWind dir S NW NE E SE S NW N Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN LT LT Avg clouds SC B1 SC SC SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC FW SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 5 30 30 10 5 Rain shwrs C C S $$ KSZ067-122200- Hutchinson KS 38.07N 97.86W Elev. 1543 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 70 41 68 42 73 Temp 38 48 65 70 61 51 47 44 43 50 64 68 61 52 50 45 43 51 67 73 64 Dewpt 34 40 42 41 42 43 41 40 40 44 47 49 50 49 48 45 43 47 49 50 51 RH 85 74 43 35 49 74 79 86 89 80 54 51 67 89 93100100 86 52 44 63 Wind dir NW N SE S SE S S S S S S S S S S SW SW S S S S Wind spd 5 2 2 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 10 10 5 4 3 3 2 3 5 10 8 Clouds CL CL FW FW CL FW FW SC B1 B1 SC SC FW FW FW FW SC FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 49 74 42 65 45 61 37 57 Temp 55 50 70 65 50 43 62 58 49 46 59 56 44 38 53 51 Dewpt 48 44 44 42 40 38 39 40 39 41 47 41 39 38 42 41 PWind dir S NW NE E SE SW NW NE Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN LT GN Avg clouds SC B1 SC SC SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC FW SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 0 0 5 5 30 30 5 0 Rain shwrs C C $$ KSZ083-122200- Wichita-Sedgwick 37.65N 97.43W Elev. 1333 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 70 42 69 46 73 Temp 39 49 66 70 61 53 49 45 44 51 65 69 63 55 53 49 47 54 67 72 66 Dewpt 34 40 42 42 43 42 41 41 41 45 51 52 52 52 51 49 47 51 53 53 53 RH 82 71 42 36 51 66 74 86 89 80 60 55 67 90 93100100 90 61 51 63 Wind dir W N SE S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Wind spd 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 10 10 5 4 4 4 3 4 8 10 8 Clouds CL CL CL FW CL FW FW SC SC B1 SC FW FW FW FW FW SC FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 53 75 45 67 48 63 39 58 Temp 58 53 70 66 53 46 63 60 51 50 61 58 47 40 55 53 Dewpt 51 49 46 45 42 39 40 42 41 44 49 44 41 39 44 42 PWind dir S W N E SE S NW N Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN GN GN Avg clouds SC B1 SC SC SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC FW FW SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 5 30 30 10 5 Rain shwrs S C C S $$ KSZ068-122200- Newton-Harvey KS 38.06N 97.28W Elev. 1533 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 69 43 68 46 73 Temp 43 50 65 69 61 52 48 45 44 52 65 68 62 54 52 49 47 54 67 72 65 Dewpt 35 39 41 41 41 41 41 40 41 44 49 51 51 50 50 48 47 49 51 52 51 RH 73 66 41 36 48 66 77 82 89 74 56 54 67 86 93 96100 83 56 49 60 Wind dir N NE E S SE S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Wind spd 5 4 3 4 5 5 6 6 8 9 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 8 10 9 Clouds CL CL CL FW FW FW FW SC B1 B1 SC FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 52 73 44 65 47 61 39 57 Temp 57 53 69 65 51 44 62 58 49 49 59 56 45 39 53 51 Dewpt 50 48 44 42 40 38 38 39 39 41 47 43 40 38 42 40 PWind dir S W NE E SE S NW NE Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN GN GN Avg clouds SC B1 SC SC SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC FW FW SC B1 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 5 30 30 10 0 Rain shwrs S C C S $$ KSZ069-122200- ElDorado-Butler KS 37.77N 96.82W Elev. 1378 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 70 44 70 49 74 Temp 39 50 66 70 61 52 50 46 45 53 66 70 63 56 55 51 49 56 69 73 66 Dewpt 33 39 40 39 41 41 41 40 42 47 51 52 52 52 52 51 49 52 53 52 53 RH 79 66 38 32 48 66 71 79 89 80 58 53 67 86 90100100 86 57 48 63 Wind dir NE NE E S SE SE S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Wind spd 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 5 5 6 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 8 10 8 Clouds CL CL CL FW FW FW FW FW SC B1 SC SC SC FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 54 74 46 66 48 63 40 58 Temp 59 55 70 66 53 46 62 59 52 49 60 57 47 41 55 52 Dewpt 52 51 45 44 41 38 38 40 40 42 47 43 41 39 43 41 PWind dir S W N E SE S NW N Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN GN LT Avg clouds SC B1 SC SC SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC FW FW SC B1 PoP 12hr 0 0 0 10 30 40 10 5 Rain shwrs C C S $$ KSZ093-122200- Strother Field (Winfield/Arkansas City)-cowley KS 37.17N 97.04W Elev. 1160 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 70 43 71 50 74 Temp 38 49 67 70 59 51 47 45 43 52 66 71 64 57 54 52 50 56 69 74 66 Dewpt 33 39 41 38 41 41 42 42 42 47 52 51 53 53 53 52 50 54 54 52 53 RH 82 68 39 31 51 68 83 89 96 83 61 49 67 86 96100100 93 59 46 63 Wind dir N NE E SE SE SE S SE SE S S S S S S S S S S S S Wind spd 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 5 9 9 5 5 4 4 4 5 8 10 6 Clouds CL CL CL FW CL FW FW FW SC B1 SC SC SC FW SC FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 54 75 46 68 50 66 40 60 Temp 58 55 72 66 53 47 65 61 53 51 63 59 47 41 56 53 Dewpt 54 51 47 46 43 39 41 42 42 45 50 45 42 40 44 43 PWind dir S W NE E SE SW NW N Wind char GN GN LT GN GN GN LT LT Avg clouds SC SC SC FW SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC FW FW SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 10 30 30 10 5 Rain shwrs S C C S $$ KSZ099-122200- Coffeyville-Montgomery KS 37.09N 95.57W Elev. 754 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 70 42 73 55 76 Temp 38 48 65 70 61 50 47 44 43 53 67 72 67 60 59 57 55 61 73 76 70 Dewpt 32 38 41 41 42 43 42 42 42 48 54 56 57 58 58 57 55 58 58 57 58 RH 79 68 41 35 49 77 83 93 96 83 63 57 70 93 96100100 90 59 52 66 Wind dir N N E E E SE SE SE SE S S S S S S S S S S S S Wind spd 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 5 10 11 8 6 6 6 8 10 12 12 10 Clouds CL CL CL CL CL CL FW FW SC B1 SC SC SC FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 59 80 48 70 52 68 45 63 Temp 62 60 76 70 55 48 67 63 54 53 65 63 52 46 61 57 Dewpt 59 56 54 50 45 42 44 44 45 45 51 51 48 45 47 47 PWind dir S SW N E SE S SW N Wind char GN GN LT LT GN GN LT LT Avg clouds FW SC SC FW FW SC SC FW FW SC SC SC FW SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 10 30 40 20 5 Rain shwrs C C C S $$ KSZ096-122200- Chanute-Neosho KS 37.67N 95.49W Elev. 1002 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 69 41 70 53 74 Temp 36 49 64 69 61 52 47 44 42 52 66 70 65 59 58 56 54 60 70 74 69 Dewpt 32 39 42 42 43 43 42 41 41 45 52 55 56 57 57 56 54 57 57 56 56 RH 85 68 45 37 51 71 83 89 96 77 61 59 73 93 96100100 90 63 53 63 Wind dir N N NE NE SE SE S S SE S S S S S S S S S S S S Wind spd 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 5 9 10 5 5 5 6 6 9 10 11 8 Wind gust 16 Clouds CL CL CL FW CL CL FW FW B1 B1 SC SC SC FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 58 77 46 68 49 65 44 60 Temp 62 59 74 69 54 46 64 61 52 50 63 60 51 44 58 55 Dewpt 58 56 52 46 43 40 40 41 42 42 48 49 47 43 47 45 PWind dir S SW N E E S W N Wind char GN GN LT LT LT GN LT LT Avg clouds FW SC SC FW SC SC FW FW FW SC SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 5 30 40 20 5 Rain shwrs C C C S $$ KSZ072-122200- Iola-Allen KS 37.87N 95.39W Elev. 1015 ft 531 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025 Date Wed 11/12/25 Thu 11/13/25 Fri 11/14/25 CST 3hrly 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 69 42 70 52 74 Temp 38 48 64 69 61 51 47 44 42 52 65 70 64 58 57 55 53 60 70 74 67 Dewpt 33 40 42 42 44 43 42 41 41 46 52 55 56 57 57 55 53 57 58 57 57 RH 82 74 45 37 53 74 83 89 96 80 63 59 75 96100100100 90 66 55 70 Wind dir NW N NE NE SE SE S S SE S S S S S S S S S S S S Wind spd 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 10 10 5 6 6 6 8 10 11 11 9 Clouds CL CL CL FW CL FW FW FW B1 B1 SC SC SC FW FW FW FW FW FW FW FW PoP 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0 Date Sat 11/15/25 Sun 11/16/25 Mon 11/17/25 Tue 11/18/25 CST 6hrly 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 57 76 45 67 48 64 42 59 Temp 61 58 73 67 54 46 64 59 51 49 62 59 50 43 58 54 Dewpt 58 56 52 46 42 40 40 40 40 42 48 49 47 43 48 45 PWind dir S SW N E E S W N Wind char GN GN LT LT GN GN GN LT Avg clouds FW SC SC FW FW SC SC FW FW SC SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 0 0 0 5 30 40 20 5 Rain shwrs C C C S Tstms S $$