Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Grand Junction, CO
Issued by NWS Grand Junction, CO
937
UXUS97 KGJT 051306
SRGGJT
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Grand Junction, Colorado
606 AM MST Wednesday, November 5, 2025
This forecast is for Wednesday, November 5, 2025:
If the trigger temperature of 61.4 F/16.3 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Good
Maximum rate of lift........................ 672 ft/min (3.4 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 13828 ft MSL (8222 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 69.0 F/21.0 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1045 MST
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 10907 ft MSL (5300 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Thursday 11/06..... Good
Wave Soaring Index............................. Not available
Remarks...
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:46:47 / 17:08:36 MST
Total possible sunshine........... 10 hr 21 min 50 sec (621 min 50 sec)
Altitude of sun at 11:57:42 MST... 34.95 degrees
Upper air data from rawinsonde observation taken on 11/05/2025 at 0500 MST
Freezing level.................. 11677 ft MSL (6071 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 19210 ft MSL (13604 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 16842 ft MSL (11236 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +6.4
K index......................... +3.8
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -64.4 -83.9 275 58 30 2.6 1.4 M M M M M
45000 -60.8 -77.4 280 67 34 -0.1 -0.0 M M M M M
40000 -61.0 -77.8 275 84 43 0.1 0.1 M M M M M
38000 -57.1 -70.8 270 85 44 7.3 4.0 M M M M M
36000 -52.7 -62.9 270 85 44 7.3 4.0 M M M M M
34000 -48.0 -54.4 270 84 43 8.5 4.7 M M M M M
32000 -42.8 -45.0 270 81 42 8.5 4.7 M M M M M
30000 -37.7 -35.9 270 79 41 8.6 4.7 37.6 99.6 12.8 M M
29000 -35.2 -31.4 270 78 40 8.6 4.7 37.1 98.7 12.6 M M
28000 -32.6 -26.7 270 77 40 8.6 4.7 36.7 98.1 12.5 M M
27000 -30.1 -22.2 270 75 39 8.0 4.4 36.2 97.2 12.2 M M
26000 -27.7 -17.9 270 73 37 8.0 4.4 35.5 95.9 11.8 M M
25000 -25.3 -13.5 270 70 36 8.1 4.4 34.9 94.8 11.4 M M
24000 -23.0 -9.4 265 68 35 6.1 3.3 34.2 93.5 10.9 M M
23000 -21.2 -6.2 265 65 33 6.3 3.4 32.8 91.0 9.9 M M
22000 -19.3 -2.7 260 61 32 6.3 3.4 31.6 88.8 9.0 M M
21000 -17.1 1.2 260 57 30 6.0 3.3 30.0 85.9 7.7 M M
20000 -15.3 4.5 255 54 28 6.0 3.3 28.6 83.5 6.6 M M
19500 -14.4 6.1 255 53 27 6.0 3.3 28.0 82.4 6.1 M M
19000 -13.5 7.7 255 51 26 6.0 3.3 27.4 81.3 5.6 M M
18500 -12.6 9.3 255 50 26 6.1 3.3 26.8 80.2 5.1 M M
18000 -11.7 10.9 255 48 25 6.1 3.4 26.1 79.0 4.6 M M
17500 -10.8 12.6 255 47 24 5.8 3.2 25.5 77.9 4.0 M M
17000 -9.9 14.2 255 45 23 5.8 3.2 24.8 76.6 3.5 M M
16500 -9.0 15.8 255 43 22 5.8 3.2 24.2 75.5 2.9 M M
16000 -8.1 17.4 255 41 21 5.8 3.2 23.5 74.3 2.3 M M
15500 -7.3 18.9 255 38 20 5.9 3.2 22.8 73.1 1.8 M M
15000 -6.3 20.7 255 36 19 6.1 3.4 22.2 72.0 1.2 M M
14500 -5.4 22.3 255 34 18 6.1 3.4 21.6 70.9 0.7 M M
14000 -4.5 23.9 255 32 17 6.1 3.3 21.0 69.8 0.2 M M
13500 -3.6 25.5 255 31 16 6.0 3.3 20.4 68.7 -0.4 643 3.3
13000 -2.6 27.3 255 29 15 6.6 3.6 19.8 67.7 -0.9 600 3.0
12500 -1.6 29.1 250 28 15 6.7 3.7 19.3 66.8 -1.4 556 2.8
12000 -0.7 30.7 250 27 14 6.7 3.7 18.9 65.9 -1.9 511 2.6
11500 0.3 32.5 250 27 14 6.7 3.7 18.4 65.0 -2.4 467 2.4
11000 1.3 34.3 250 27 14 6.7 3.7 17.9 64.2 -2.9 423 2.2
10500 2.2 36.0 250 27 14 7.2 4.0 17.4 63.3 -3.4 380 1.9
10250 2.8 37.0 250 27 14 8.3 4.6 17.2 63.0 -3.6 355 1.8
10000 3.4 38.1 245 27 14 7.7 4.2 17.1 62.8 -3.7 330 1.7
9750 4.0 39.2 245 26 13 7.3 4.0 16.9 62.4 -3.9 306 1.6
9500 4.5 40.1 245 26 13 6.9 3.8 16.7 62.1 -4.1 283 1.4
9250 5.0 41.0 245 25 13 8.7 4.8 16.5 61.8 -4.3 259 1.3
9000 5.7 42.3 245 24 12 8.7 4.7 16.5 61.7 -4.3 231 1.2
8750 6.3 43.3 245 22 11 6.8 3.7 16.3 61.3 -4.6 207 1.1
8500 6.8 44.2 245 21 11 7.4 4.1 16.1 61.0 -4.8 184 0.9
8250 7.3 45.1 245 19 10 5.0 2.8 15.9 60.6 -5.0 162 0.8
8000 7.6 45.7 245 18 9 4.5 2.5 15.4 59.8 -5.5 145 0.7
7750 8.0 46.4 240 15 8 6.1 3.4 15.1 59.2 -5.8 125 0.6
7500 8.5 47.3 235 13 7 5.3 2.9 14.8 58.7 -6.1 105 0.5
7250 8.8 47.8 230 11 6 4.5 2.5 14.5 58.0 -6.5 87 0.4
7000 9.1 48.4 225 10 5 4.3 2.4 14.0 57.3 -6.9 70 0.4
6750 9.5 49.1 215 8 4 5.7 3.1 13.7 56.6 -7.3 52 0.3
6500 9.8 49.6 205 7 4 1.5 0.8 13.3 55.9 -7.7 34 0.2
6250 9.6 49.3 190 7 4 -5.1 -2.8 12.3 54.2 -8.7 33 0.2
6000 9.4 48.9 180 8 4 4.2 2.3 11.4 52.6 -9.6 31 0.2
5750 9.9 49.8 170 7 3 -0.8 -0.4 11.2 52.1 -9.9 10 0.1
5500 M M M M M M M M M M M M
5250 M M M M M M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M M M M M M
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
11/05/2025 at 0800 MST | 11/05/2025 at 1100 MST
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +6.3 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +6.5
CINH... -0.1 K Index... -2.8 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... -4.6
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -65.0 -85.0 260 54 28 1.8 1.0 | -64.8 -84.6 260 54 28 1.7 1.0
45000 -62.1 -79.8 260 55 28 2.6 1.4 | -62.1 -79.8 260 54 28 2.1 1.2
40000 -58.0 -72.4 260 44 22 4.3 2.4 | -59.0 -74.2 260 39 20 2.0 1.1
38000 -54.8 -66.6 255 41 21 5.4 3.0 | -55.1 -67.2 260 38 20 6.0 3.3
36000 -51.5 -60.7 255 38 20 5.4 3.0 | -51.5 -60.7 260 37 19 6.0 3.3
34000 -47.2 -53.0 255 35 18 8.1 4.4 | -47.0 -52.6 260 36 19 8.2 4.5
32000 -42.4 -44.3 255 33 17 8.1 4.4 | -42.1 -43.8 260 35 18 8.2 4.5
30000 -37.5 -35.5 250 31 16 8.3 4.5 | -37.3 -35.1 260 34 17 7.9 4.3
29000 -35.0 -31.0 250 30 15 8.3 4.5 | -34.9 -30.8 255 33 17 7.9 4.3
28000 -32.5 -26.5 250 29 15 8.3 4.5 | -32.6 -26.7 255 33 17 7.9 4.3
27000 -30.0 -22.0 250 27 14 8.3 4.5 | -30.2 -22.4 255 32 17 7.7 4.2
26000 -27.6 -17.7 250 27 14 8.3 4.6 | -27.9 -18.2 255 32 16 7.7 4.2
25000 -25.1 -13.2 250 26 13 8.3 4.5 | -25.6 -14.1 250 31 16 7.7 4.2
24000 -22.2 -8.0 250 24 13 7.3 4.0 | -23.4 -10.1 250 31 16 7.7 4.2
23000 -20.0 -4.0 250 23 12 7.3 4.0 | -20.5 -4.9 245 29 15 7.7 4.2
22000 -17.8 -0.0 250 23 12 7.3 4.0 | -18.2 -0.8 245 27 14 7.6 4.2
21000 -15.8 3.6 250 22 11 6.5 3.6 | -16.0 3.2 245 26 14 7.2 3.9
20000 -13.9 7.0 245 21 11 6.5 3.6 | -13.9 7.0 245 25 13 7.2 3.9
19500 -12.9 8.8 245 20 10 6.4 3.5 | -12.8 9.0 245 24 13 7.2 3.9
19000 -11.9 10.6 245 20 10 7.0 3.8 | -11.7 10.9 245 24 12 7.4 4.1
18500 -10.9 12.4 245 19 10 7.0 3.9 | -10.6 12.9 250 24 12 7.4 4.1
18000 -9.9 14.2 245 19 10 7.2 4.0 | -9.5 14.9 250 23 12 7.4 4.1
17500 -8.7 16.3 240 19 10 7.6 4.2 | -8.4 16.9 250 23 12 7.5 4.1
17000 -7.6 18.3 240 18 9 7.7 4.2 | -7.3 18.9 250 23 12 7.4 4.1
16500 -6.5 20.3 240 17 9 7.6 4.2 | -6.2 20.8 250 23 12 7.5 4.1
16000 -5.3 22.5 240 17 9 7.6 4.2 | -5.1 22.8 250 23 12 7.5 4.1
15500 -4.2 24.4 235 16 8 7.3 4.0 | -4.0 24.8 250 22 12 7.2 4.0
15000 -3.1 26.4 235 16 8 7.1 3.9 | -2.9 26.8 250 22 11 7.0 3.9
14500 -2.1 28.2 235 16 8 6.8 3.7 | -1.9 28.6 245 22 11 6.7 3.7
14000 -1.2 29.8 230 15 8 6.0 3.3 | -0.9 30.4 245 22 11 6.1 3.3
13500 -0.3 31.5 230 15 8 5.9 3.3 | -0.0 32.0 240 22 11 5.9 3.3
13000 0.5 32.9 225 15 8 5.2 2.9 | 0.7 33.3 240 21 11 4.9 2.7
12500 1.3 34.3 225 15 8 5.3 2.9 | 1.5 34.7 235 21 11 4.9 2.7
12000 2.0 35.6 225 14 7 4.7 2.6 | 2.2 36.0 235 20 10 4.7 2.6
11500 2.7 36.9 220 14 7 4.8 2.6 | 2.8 37.0 230 18 9 4.8 2.6
11000 3.4 38.1 220 14 7 5.1 2.8 | 3.6 38.5 225 17 9 5.9 3.2
10500 4.2 39.6 220 13 7 5.0 2.8 | 4.4 39.9 225 16 8 5.8 3.2
10250 4.5 40.1 215 13 7 4.4 2.4 | 4.8 40.6 220 15 8 5.0 2.7
10000 4.8 40.6 215 12 6 5.8 3.2 | 5.2 41.4 220 15 8 6.0 3.3
9750 5.3 41.5 210 12 6 7.3 4.0 | 5.7 42.3 220 14 7 7.3 4.0
9500 5.9 42.6 210 11 6 6.7 3.7 | 6.2 43.2 215 14 7 6.9 3.8
9250 6.3 43.3 205 11 6 6.1 3.3 | 6.7 44.1 215 13 7 6.5 3.6
9000 6.8 44.2 200 10 5 5.9 3.3 | 7.2 45.0 215 12 6 6.3 3.4
8750 7.2 45.0 200 10 5 6.5 3.6 | 7.6 45.7 210 12 6 6.5 3.6
8500 8.1 46.6 190 10 5 5.6 3.1 | 8.1 46.6 205 12 6 6.0 3.3
8250 8.6 47.5 185 10 5 5.4 3.0 | 8.5 47.3 200 11 6 5.3 2.9
8000 8.9 48.0 180 10 5 4.4 2.4 | 9.4 48.9 195 10 5 6.4 3.5
7750 9.2 48.6 175 10 5 3.9 2.1 | 9.8 49.6 190 10 5 5.7 3.2
7500 9.5 49.1 170 11 6 4.0 2.2 | 10.2 50.4 180 9 5 4.7 2.6
7250 9.8 49.6 165 11 6 4.2 2.3 | 10.6 51.1 175 9 4 4.9 2.7
7000 10.1 50.2 160 11 6 2.1 1.2 | 11.0 51.8 170 8 4 8.5 4.6
6750 10.1 50.2 160 10 5 0.4 0.2 | 11.8 53.2 170 7 4 9.9 5.4
6500 10.2 50.4 155 9 4 1.6 0.9 | 12.4 54.3 165 7 4 8.8 4.8
6250 10.3 50.5 150 8 4 -0.0 -0.0 | 13.1 55.6 165 6 3 7.3 4.0
6000 10.0 50.0 145 9 5 -11.5 -6.3 | 13.6 56.5 155 7 4 10.9 6.0
5750 8.5 47.3 130 6 3 -25.9 -14.2 | 14.9 58.8 155 6 3 22.5 12.3
5500 7.1 44.8 105 4 2 -1.2 -0.7 | 16.1 61.0 155 6 3 0.0 0.0
5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
11/05/2025 at 1400 MST | 11/05/2025 at 1700 MST
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.2 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +3.9
CINH... 0.0 K Index... -1.0 | CINH... -0.1 K Index... +1.3
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -64.5 -84.1 255 57 29 1.1 0.6 | -64.1 -83.4 255 56 29 0.9 0.5
45000 -62.7 -80.9 255 59 30 1.9 1.0 | -62.5 -80.5 255 59 30 1.0 0.6
40000 -59.9 -75.8 255 52 27 1.7 0.9 | -61.0 -77.8 255 59 30 1.5 0.8
38000 -56.2 -69.2 260 49 25 6.7 3.7 | -57.1 -70.8 255 55 28 7.1 3.9
36000 -51.6 -60.9 265 45 23 6.7 3.7 | -52.8 -63.0 260 50 26 7.1 3.9
34000 -47.0 -52.6 265 42 22 8.4 4.6 | -48.1 -54.6 260 48 25 8.4 4.6
32000 -41.9 -43.4 265 40 20 8.4 4.6 | -43.0 -45.4 265 48 25 8.4 4.6
30000 -37.0 -34.6 260 38 19 8.1 4.5 | -37.9 -36.2 265 47 24 8.6 4.7
29000 -34.6 -30.3 260 37 19 8.1 4.5 | -35.4 -31.7 265 46 24 8.6 4.7
28000 -32.1 -25.8 260 35 18 8.2 4.5 | -32.8 -27.0 265 45 23 8.6 4.7
27000 -29.9 -21.8 260 34 18 7.3 4.0 | -29.7 -21.5 265 44 23 8.2 4.5
26000 -27.7 -17.9 255 33 17 7.3 4.0 | -27.2 -17.0 265 42 22 8.2 4.5
25000 -25.5 -13.9 255 32 17 7.3 4.0 | -24.7 -12.5 265 41 21 8.2 4.5
24000 -23.4 -10.1 255 31 16 6.8 3.8 | -22.6 -8.7 265 39 20 6.4 3.5
23000 -21.3 -6.3 255 31 16 6.8 3.8 | -20.7 -5.3 260 37 19 6.4 3.5
22000 -18.8 -1.8 250 30 15 6.9 3.8 | -18.8 -1.8 255 35 18 6.4 3.5
21000 -16.6 2.1 250 29 15 7.2 3.9 | -16.8 1.8 255 33 17 6.6 3.6
20000 -14.5 5.9 255 28 15 7.2 3.9 | -14.9 5.2 255 32 17 6.6 3.6
19500 -13.4 7.9 255 28 14 7.2 3.9 | -13.9 7.0 250 31 16 6.6 3.6
19000 -12.4 9.7 255 28 14 7.6 4.2 | -12.9 8.8 250 31 16 7.9 4.4
18500 -11.2 11.8 255 28 14 7.7 4.2 | -11.6 11.1 250 30 16 8.5 4.7
18000 -10.1 13.8 255 28 14 7.9 4.3 | -10.3 13.5 250 30 15 8.6 4.7
17500 -8.9 16.0 260 28 14 8.4 4.6 | -9.0 15.8 245 30 15 8.8 4.8
17000 -7.6 18.3 260 28 14 8.4 4.6 | -7.7 18.1 245 30 15 8.8 4.8
16500 -6.4 20.5 260 27 14 8.6 4.7 | -6.4 20.5 245 30 15 8.8 4.8
16000 -5.1 22.8 260 27 14 8.6 4.7 | -5.1 22.8 245 30 16 8.7 4.8
15500 -3.8 25.2 255 27 14 8.4 4.6 | -3.8 25.2 245 31 16 8.5 4.7
15000 -2.6 27.3 255 27 14 8.1 4.5 | -2.5 27.5 240 31 16 8.2 4.5
14500 -1.3 29.7 255 27 14 7.7 4.2 | -1.3 29.7 240 31 16 8.1 4.5
14000 -0.3 31.5 250 27 14 6.4 3.5 | -0.1 31.8 240 31 16 7.5 4.1
13500 0.6 33.1 245 26 13 6.4 3.5 | 1.0 33.8 235 31 16 7.7 4.2
13000 1.4 34.5 245 25 13 5.0 2.7 | 2.0 35.6 235 30 16 5.6 3.1
12500 2.2 36.0 240 24 13 5.1 2.8 | 2.9 37.2 235 29 15 5.8 3.2
12000 2.9 37.2 235 23 12 4.5 2.5 | 3.7 38.7 230 28 14 5.1 2.8
11500 3.5 38.3 230 22 11 4.5 2.4 | 4.4 39.9 225 25 13 5.1 2.8
11000 4.3 39.7 225 20 10 5.8 3.2 | 5.1 41.2 220 23 12 5.7 3.1
10500 5.1 41.2 220 18 9 5.7 3.1 | 6.0 42.8 215 21 11 5.9 3.2
10250 5.5 41.9 215 17 9 5.3 2.9 | 6.4 43.5 210 21 11 5.2 2.8
10000 5.9 42.6 215 16 8 6.9 3.8 | 6.7 44.1 205 20 10 6.1 3.3
9750 6.5 43.7 210 15 8 8.3 4.5 | 7.3 45.1 205 20 10 7.6 4.1
9500 7.0 44.6 210 14 7 7.9 4.4 | 7.8 46.0 205 19 10 6.9 3.8
9250 7.6 45.7 205 13 7 7.2 4.0 | 8.9 48.0 200 18 9 7.9 4.3
9000 8.1 46.6 205 11 6 7.4 4.1 | 9.5 49.1 195 18 9 6.9 3.8
8750 8.7 47.7 200 11 6 8.5 4.7 | 10.0 50.0 195 17 9 7.1 3.9
8500 9.4 48.9 200 11 6 7.8 4.3 | 10.5 50.9 195 16 8 6.9 3.8
8250 10.3 50.5 195 8 4 6.4 3.5 | 11.0 51.8 190 16 8 7.0 3.9
8000 10.9 51.6 195 8 4 10.9 6.0 | 11.6 52.9 190 15 7 8.0 4.4
7750 11.7 53.1 200 8 4 9.7 5.3 | 12.2 54.0 190 13 7 7.8 4.3
7500 12.3 54.1 200 7 3 6.5 3.5 | 12.7 54.9 190 12 6 6.7 3.7
7250 12.8 55.0 200 6 3 7.1 3.9 | 13.2 55.8 185 11 6 6.3 3.5
7000 13.5 56.3 200 5 3 12.0 6.6 | 13.7 56.7 185 10 5 8.0 4.4
6750 14.5 58.1 200 6 3 11.7 6.4 | 14.3 57.7 185 7 4 7.5 4.1
6500 15.1 59.2 205 5 3 8.3 4.5 | 14.8 58.6 185 6 3 5.6 3.0
6250 15.8 60.4 205 4 2 8.6 4.7 | 15.3 59.5 190 4 2 7.3 4.0
6000 16.5 61.7 210 4 2 12.2 6.7 | 15.7 60.3 200 3 2 2.2 1.2
5750 17.7 63.9 210 4 2 20.6 11.3 | 15.3 59.5 210 2 1 -12.6 -6.9
5500 18.9 66.0 220 3 1 3.9 2.1 | 14.4 57.9 275 1 0 -5.0 -2.7
5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken at Walker Field in Grand
Junction, Colorado at
North Latitude: 39 deg 07 min 00.001 sec
West Longitude: 108 deg 31 min 59.998 sec
Elevation: 4839 feet (1475 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Western Slope of
Colorado. Note that some elevations in numerical weather prediction models
differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to data which appear
to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
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